Lopez, Francisco Solano

Japanese: ロペス（英語表記）López， Francisco Solano

Born: July 24, 1827, Asuncion
[Died] March 1, 1870. Cerro Cora. Paraguayan soldier, politician, and dictator. President (in office 1862-70). Son of C. Lopez. At the age of 18, he fought against Argentina as a commodore, and traveled to Europe as a diplomatic mission from 1853 to 1855. In 1855, he became Minister of War, and frequently intervened in internal conflicts in neighboring countries. In 1862, he became president after his father's death, established a dictatorship, and strengthened the military. He supported the Blanco Party in Uruguay, but this caused opposition from Uruguay, Brazil, and Argentina, and in 1864 he entered into the Paraguayan War against the three countries. As an army marshal, he took command, but was killed by the Brazilian army in 1870, and Paraguay's defeat was decided. Paraguay lost more than half of its territory and population as a result of this war, and its national power was severely weakened.

Lopez
Lopes, Rodrigo

[raw]?
[Died] June 7, 1594, Tyburn. Physician to Queen Elizabeth I of England. A Jew born in Portugal, he fled to England in 1559 to escape religious persecution in his home country. He opened a practice in London, gained fame, and was appointed physician to the Queen in 1586. In 1594, he was investigated by the 2nd Earl of Essex, a leader of the anti-Spanish faction, for conspiring with the Spanish government to poison the Queen, and was executed. This is thought to have been a trumped-up trial by Essex to stir up anti-Spanish sentiment. He is said to be the model for Shylock in Shakespeare's The Merchant of Venice.

Lopez
Lopez, Narciso

Born: 1798. Venezuela
Died: September 1, 1851, Havana. Pioneer of the Cuban liberation movement. Joined the Spanish army and participated in the suppression of S. Bolivar's Venezuelan War of Independence. In 1823 he went to Cuba and then to Spain, where he became a general, senator, and governor of Trinidad, but was pardoned and changed his position to one of rebellion against Spain. After the failure of the Cuban revolt in 1848, he fled to the United States. He advocated the annexation of Cuba to the United States. He attempted to land in Cuba twice, in 1850 and 1851, but failed, and was captured and executed.

Lopez
López, Carlos Antonio

Born: November 4, 1790, Asuncion
Died: September 10, 1862. Asuncion. Paraguayan politician and dictator. President (in office 1844-62). During his term, he slightly revised the isolationist policy of former President J. Francia, and implemented trade with Buenos Aires and established diplomatic relations with the Vatican. He also worked to modernize the country domestically by building roads and schools. However, during his 18 years in office, the country faced many international difficulties, and relations with the United States and neighboring countries were not smooth.

Lopez
López, Vicente Fidel

[Born] 1815
[Died] 1903
Argentine historian, journalist, and politician. Opposed the dictatorship of J. Rosas, he lived in exile in Chile from 1840 to 1852, where he continued to write critically of Rosas. He returned to Argentina from 1853 to 1861 and supported President J. Urquiza. He left Argentina again after Urquiza's downfall. His main work is Historia de la República Argentina (Historia de la República Argentina) (10 volumes, 1883-93).

Lopez
Lopes, Fernando

[Birth] Around 1380
[Died] c.1460 Portuguese chronicler. Known as the "Father of Portuguese History." Though of commoner origin, he worked at the Tredetombo Archive and compiled the chronicles of the Portuguese kings under King João I (the great king) and then King Duarte. Although he was a chronicler for the king, his view of history, which was based on the viewpoint of the people, is best expressed in his main work, the Crónica de Don Fernando (2 volumes).

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

[生]1827.7.24. アスンシオン
[没]1870.3.1. セロコラ
パラグアイの軍人，政治家，独裁者。大統領 (在任 1862～70) 。 C.ロペスの子。 18歳のとき代将としてアルゼンチンと戦い，1853～55年外交使節として渡欧。 55年陸相に就任，近隣諸国の内紛にたびたび介入した。 62年父の死によって大統領となり，独裁体制をしいて，軍隊を強化。ウルグアイのブランコ党を支援したが，ウルグアイ，ブラジル，アルゼンチンの反発を招き，64年3国を相手とするパラグアイ戦争に突入。陸軍元帥として陣頭指揮をとったが，70年ブラジル軍により殺害され，パラグアイの敗戦が決定した。パラグアイはこの戦争によって領土と全人口の半分以上を失い，国力は著しく疲弊した。

ロペス
Lopes， Rodrigo

[生]?
[没]1594.6.7. タイバーン
イングランドの女王エリザベス1世の侍医。ポルトガル生れのユダヤ人で，1559年本国の宗教迫害を逃れてイングランドに亡命。ロンドンで医師として開業し，名声を博して，86年女王の侍医に抜擢された。 94年反スペイン派の指導者2代エセックス (伯)からスペイン政府と通じて女王毒殺の陰謀をたくらんでいるとして取調べられ，強引に処刑された。これは反スペインの機運をあおろうとしたエセックスのでっちあげ裁判と考えられている。シェークスピアの『ベニスの商人』中のシャイロックのモデルとされる。

ロペス
López， Narciso

[生]1798. ベネズエラ
[没]1851.9.1. ハバナ
キューバ解放運動の先駆者。スペイン軍に入隊し，S.ボリバルのベネズエラ独立戦争弾圧に参加。 1823年キューバ，その後スペインに渡り，将軍，上院議員，トリニダード総督になったが免じられ，スペインに反抗する立場に変った。 48年のキューバ反乱に失敗してアメリカに亡命。キューバのアメリカへの併合を主張。 50，51年の2回キューバ上陸を企てて失敗，捕えられ処刑された。

ロペス
López， Carlos Antonio

[生]1790.11.4. アスンシオン
[没]1862.9.10. アスンシオン
パラグアイの政治家，独裁者。大統領 (在任 1844～62) 。在任中は J.フランシア前大統領の孤立政策を若干修正してブエノスアイレスとの交易，ローマ教皇庁との外交関係の樹立などを実施し，内政面でも道路建設，学校建設など国の近代化に努めた。しかし在職 18年間中，国際的には多難で，アメリカおよび近隣国との関係は円滑でなかった。

ロペス
López， Vicente Fidel

[生]1815
[没]1903
アルゼンチンの歴史家，ジャーナリスト，政治家。 J.ロサス独裁に反対して 1840～52年チリに亡命し，ロサス批判の文筆活動を続けた。 53～61年アルゼンチンに帰り，J.ウルキサ大統領を支持。ウルキサの失脚とともに再びアルゼンチンを去った。主著『アルゼンチン共和国の歴史』 Historia de la República Argentina (10巻，1883～93) 。

ロペス
Lopes， Fernão

[生]1380頃
[没]1460頃
ポルトガルの年代記作者。「ポルトガル歴史の父」と呼ばれる。平民出身であったが，トレデトンボ文書館に勤め，国王ジョアン1世 (名王) ，次いでドゥアルテに仕えてポルトガル歴代王の年代記を編纂した。国王の年代記作者ながら民衆の立場に立つ彼の歴史観は，主著『ドン・フェルナンド王年代記』 Crónica de Don Fernando (2巻) に最もよく表われている。

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