German philosopher. Born on May 21 in Bautzen, Saxony. Studied physiology, physics, and philosophy at the University of Leipzig from 1834, and obtained degrees in medicine and philosophy. From 1844 he was professor of philosophy at the University of Göttingen, and in 1881 he moved to the University of Berlin, where he died on July 1 of the same year. Lotze's philosophy, which descends from German idealism, is so-called teleological idealism, and is characterized by its attempt to harmonize speculative philosophy and natural science. Influenced by Leibniz, he unifies Kant's dualistic world of the "world of sensibility" (the world of things) and the "world of wisdom" (the world of things in themselves) into a divine, teleological world. According to Lotze, the "world of sensibility" (the world of causal relations) investigated by natural science is a mechanistic manifestation of a world (the world of purposeful relations) whose purpose is the "good," which is both the ultimate "value" and the divine supreme ideal. He also considered the unique realm of "truth" (the realm of semantic relations) by regarding the "validity" of a "proposition" as its own "reality." These ideas had a direct influence on the Southwest German Neo-Kantian school, and also provided a basis for G. Frege's thought. His major works include Metaphysik (1841), Logik (1843), and Mikrokosmos (1856-1864). [Mamoru Takayama April 17, 2015] [References] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
ドイツの哲学者。5月21日ザクセンのバウツェンに生まれる。1834年よりライプツィヒ大学で生理学、物理学、哲学を学び、医学、哲学の学位を取得。1844年からゲッティンゲン大学の哲学教授、1881年にベルリン大学に移るが、同年7月1日死去。 ドイツ観念論の系譜を引くロッツェの哲学は、いわゆる目的論的観念論で、思弁哲学と自然科学の調和を図ろうとしたところに特色がある。彼は、カントにおける「感性界」(物の世界)と「叡知(えいち)界」(物自体の世界)という二元的世界を、ライプニッツの影響において神的な合目的的世界へと一元化する。自然科学が究明する「感性界」(因果連関の世界)とは、ロッツェによれば、究極的な「価値」であるとともに神的な最高理念である「善」を目的とする世界(目的連関の世界)の機械論的な現れなのである。また彼は、「命題」の「妥当」を独自の「現実」と捉(とら)えることにおいて固有の「真理」の領野(意味連関の領野)を考えた。こうした思想は、新カント派の西南ドイツ学派に直接の影響を及ぼしたほか、G・フレーゲにも思索の基盤を与えた。主著に『形而上(けいじじょう)学』Metaphysik(1841)、『論理学』Logik(1843)、『小宇宙』Mikrokosmos(1856~1864)などがある。 [高山 守 2015年4月17日] [参照項目] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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