A genus of bacteria in the Streptococcus family. It is a gram-positive cocci that tends to form chains, sometimes appearing as monococcus or diplococcus. It usually has no flagella and is not motile. It does not form spores. Most are facultatively anaerobic, but some are obligately anaerobic. It breaks down sugars and produces lactic acid as the final product. It does not grow well on nutrient agar (a culture medium for general bacteria), but grows well when blood or glucose is added. It hemolyzes red blood cells. It produces the hemolytic toxin hemolysin, and depending on the conditions around the colony, it is classified as α (alpha) hemolytic (green opaque ring), β (beta) hemolytic (complete hemolysis, transparent ring), and non-hemolytic (customarily called γ (gamma) hemolytic). Serologically, it is classified into 17 groups, A to H, K to O, and P to S. Of these, group A is pyogenic streptococcus, and group B is mainly responsible for bovine mastitis. Group D is enterococcus, and group N is lactic acid cocci, many of which perform normal lactic acid fermentation. Groups C and G are pyogenic bacteria. [Masami Soneda] "Yuichi Shiokawa et al., eds., Streptococcal Infections: Their Fundamentals and Clinical Practices, Vol. 1, 2, and 3 (1992, Hirokawa Shoten)" ""Changes in Streptococcal Infections: The Emergence of Severe Forms" ("Clinical Microbiology", vol. 23, No. 1, 1996, Kindai Publishing)" "Haruo Watanabe and Kakata Shimizu, eds., "Severe Form of Group A Streptococcal Infections: The Emergence of Flesh-Eating Bacteria" (1997, Kindai Publishing)" Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
連鎖球菌科の細菌の1属。グラム陽性の球菌であるが、連鎖状になる傾向が強く、ときには単球菌または双球菌状を呈することもある。通常は鞭毛(べんもう)をもたず、運動性もない。胞子は形成しない。多くは通性嫌気性であるが、偏性嫌気性のものもある。糖を分解し、最終生産物として乳酸を生産する。普通寒天(一般細菌用培養基)では生育が悪いが、血液やブドウ糖などを添加すると生育がよくなる。赤血球を溶血する。溶血毒hemolysinを産生し、集落(コロニー)周辺の状態によりα(アルファ)溶血(緑色不透明環)、β(ベータ)溶血(完全溶血、透明環)および非溶血(習慣的にγ(ガンマ)溶血という)に分けられる。血清学的にはA~H、K~O、P~Sの17群に類別する。このうちA群は化膿(かのう)性連鎖球菌、B群はウシの乳房炎をおこすものが中心となる。D群は腸球菌、N群は乳酸球菌で正常乳酸発酵を行うものが多い。C群とG群は化膿菌である。 [曽根田正己] 『塩川優一他編『レンサ球菌感染症 その基礎と臨床』上中下(1992・廣川書店)』▽『『レンサ球菌感染症の変遷――劇症型の出現』(『臨床と微生物』vol.23, No.1・1996・近代出版)』▽『渡辺治雄・清水可方監修『劇症型A群レンサ球菌感染症――ヒト喰いバクテリアの出現』(1997・近代出版)』 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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