The capital of Lvov Oblast in western Ukraine. Polish name Lwów, German name Lemberg. It is located about 60 km from the Polish border, on the Podolsk Hills that separate the Bug and Dnestr rivers. It was founded in 1256 by Daniil Romanovich, Prince of Galicia, and has flourished as the central city of the Galicia region ever since. It was a key transportation point controlling the east-west route that runs through the northern foot of the Carpathians, and the north-south route that crosses the Carpathians pass to the Hungarian plain in the south, and has been the site of many battles. From 1340 to 1772 it was part of Poland, then Austria, and in 1919 it was part of Poland again, but in September 1939, Soviet troops moved in under the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact, and during World War II it was occupied by German troops, and from 1945 to 1991 it was part of the Soviet Union. It is the industrial center of Western Ukraine, and is home to industries such as buses, forklifts, agricultural machinery, televisions, conveyors, oil refining, glass, textiles, food, furniture, paints, and cosmetics. It has inherited Ukrainian culture, and is home to many higher education and research institutions, including Lviv University (1661), an opera house, and museums. The old town, which still has many architectural monuments from the 13th to 18th centuries, was registered as a World Heritage Site in 1998. It is a junction for railways and highways, and also has an airport. Population: 802,000 (1991 estimate). Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
ウクライナ西部,リボフ州の州都。ポーランド語名ルウフ Lwów,ドイツ語名レンベルク Lemberg。ポーランドとの国境から約 60km,ブーグ川とドネストル川を分けるポドリスク丘陵上に位置する。 1256年ガリチア公ダニール・ロマノビッチが建設し,以降ガリチア地方の中心都市として繁栄。カルパート山脈北麓を通る東西路,およびカルパートの峠を越えて南のハンガリー平原へ達する南北路を押さえる交通の要衝にあたり,幾度も戦場となった。 1340~1772年はポーランド領,その後オーストリア領,1919年再びポーランド領となったが,1939年9月にはモロトフ=リッベントロップ協定によりソ連軍が進駐,第2次世界大戦ではドイツ軍に占領され,1945~91年ソ連領。西ウクライナの工業中心地で,バス,フォークリフト,農業機械,テレビ,コンベヤ,製油,ガラス,織物,食品,家具,塗料,化粧品などの工業がある。ウクライナ文化を継承し,リボフ大学 (1661) をはじめ,多くの高等教育・研究機関,オペラ劇場,博物館などがある。 13~18世紀の建築記念物が多数現存する旧市街は,1998年世界遺産の文化遺産に登録。鉄道,ハイウェーの分岐点で,空港もある。人口 80万 2000 (1991推計) 。
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