All objects on the ground are subjected to a force toward the center of the Earth due to I. Newton's gravitational force, and if air resistance is ignored, they fall at a constant acceleration g (called gravitational acceleration). This is accelerated motion due to gravitational force, and is also called free fall motion. If an object is allowed to fall freely from a stationary state in space, the speed it will have after a time of t has passed is When considering the falling of raindrops, air resistance actually comes into play, and this law deviates. It is known that air resistance is proportional to speed when the speed is not very high. In this case, the resistance increases as the falling speed increases, and eventually gravity is cancelled out. At this time, the external forces acting on the raindrop become zero overall, and the speed should be constant. This is called terminal velocity. Specifically, if the mass of a raindrop is m and the proportionality coefficient of air resistance is α, Newton's equation of motion is [Yasuhisa Abe] [Reference] | | | | | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
地上のすべての物体は、I・ニュートンの万有引力によって地球の中心に向かう力の作用を受けており、空気の抵抗などを無視すると、一定の加速度g(重力加速度という)で落下する。これは万有引力による加速度運動であり、自由落下運動ともいう。空間に静止した状態から自由に落下させた場合、tだけ時間を経たあとで物体がもつ速さは、 雨滴などの落下を考える場合、実際には空気抵抗が働き、この法則からずれる。速さがあまり大きくないとき、空気抵抗は速さに比例することが知られている。この場合、落下速度が増すほど抵抗が大きくなり、ついには重力を打ち消すことになる。このとき、雨滴に働く外力は全体としてゼロとなり、速さは一定となるはずである。これを終速度という。 具体的には、雨滴の質量をm、空気抵抗の比例係数をαとすれば、ニュートンの運動方程式は、 [阿部恭久] [参照項目] | | | | | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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