Jacob Levy Moreno

Japanese: モレノ - もれの(英語表記)Jacob Levy Moreno
Jacob Levy Moreno

Romanian-born American psychiatrist and founder of psychodrama. Born in Bucharest. Interested in literature and theater, he earned his medical degree at the University of Vienna in 1917. During that time, he attended Freud's lectures, but instead of interpreting dreams analytically like Freud, he tried to create spontaneous improvisational plays without a script as a way to act out dreams on stage. This would later become known as psychodrama. In 1925, he moved to the United States and opened a practice. His main work, Who Will Survive? (1934), is a concrete embodiment of a method of measuring human relationships called sociometry, and forms the background for the construction of psychodrama. This research method has been widely applied in psychology and sociology, and the journal Sociometry, which he founded, has been taken over by the American Sociological Association. The most common technique in psychodrama is role-playing, which is based on his role theory and theory of spontaneity. Although he once held a position at Columbia University, he was a bohemian and independent man who struggled to create new forms of human expression.

[Daisaku Tonobayashi and Masamichi Kawabata]

Renée F. Marineau, translated by Hajime Masuno and Nobuko Masuno, "The Man Who Played God: The Life and Times of Moreno, the Father of Psychological Drama" (1995, Hakuyosha)

[References] | Psychodrama | Sociodrama | Sociometry | Role-playing

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

ルーマニア生まれのアメリカの精神科医で、サイコドラマ(心理劇)の創始者。ブクレシュティ(ブカレスト)に生まれる。文学、演劇などに関心をもっていたが、1917年ウィーン大学で医学の学位をとる。その間フロイトの講義に出席するが、フロイトのように夢を分析的に解釈するのでなく、夢を舞台の上で行為的に再現する手段として筋書きのない自発的な即興劇を試みた。これがのちにサイコドラマとよばれるものとなる。1925年アメリカに渡り開業。主著『誰(だれ)が生き残るか』(1934)は、ソシオメトリーsociometryとよばれる人間関係の測定法を具体化したものであり、心理劇を構成していく背景をなしている。この研究法は心理学、社会学などで広く応用され、彼の創刊した雑誌『ソシオメトリー』はアメリカ社会学会によって引き継がれている。サイコドラマでもっとも一般化した技術はロール・プレイングrole-playingであるが、これは彼の役割理論、自発性理論に基づいている。コロンビア大学でポストを得たこともあるが、新しい人間表現の形式を生み出すために苦闘したボヘミアンで、独自の道を歩いた人であった。

[外林大作・川幡政道]

『ルネ・F・マリノー著、増野肇・増野信子訳『神を演じつづけた男――心理劇の父モレノの生涯とその時代』(1995・白揚社)』

[参照項目] | サイコドラマ | ソシオドラマ | ソシオメトリー | ロール・プレイング

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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