Arabic for Egypt or Cairo. Misr originally means "town" in Arabic. It is said to have been named after Mizraim, the grandson of Noah, who appears in the Book of Genesis. In the first half of the 7th century, when the Islamic Arab armies conquered Western Asia and North Africa, they built military cities in various places to station Arab soldiers. Kufa and Basra in Iraq, and Fustat in Egypt were such cities, and these were called Misr (plural amṣār). Egypt was also called Misr by the Arabs before Islam, and after the Arab conquest, it became the Arabic name of the country of Egypt. After the city of Cairo (Misr al-Qahira) was built in 969 and Misr came to be used as an abbreviation, Fustat came to be called Old Misr, and eventually the alternative name for the capital, Cairo, came to be used for the whole of Egypt. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
エジプトまたはカイロをさすアラビア語。元来ミスルはアラビア語で「町」を意味する。『創世記』に登場するノアの孫にあたるミズライムの名によって名づけられたという。7世紀前半,イスラム・アラブ軍が西アジア,北アフリカを征服したとき,各地に軍事都市を建設してアラブ軍戦士を駐屯させた。イラクのクーファ,バスラ,エジプトのフスタートなどがそれで,これがミスルと呼ばれた (複数形アムサール amṣār) 。またエジプトはアラブによってイスラム前からミスルと呼ばれており,アラブ征服以後はエジプトのアラビア語での国名となった。 969年カイロ市 (ミスル・アルカーヒラ) が建設され略称としてミスルが用いられるようになったのち,フスタートのほうは古ミスルと呼ばれるようになり,やがて首都カイロの別名がエジプト全体にも用いられるようになった。
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