Quince - quince

Japanese: マルメロ - まるめろ
Quince - quince

A deciduous tree or shrub in the family Rosaceae (APG classification: Rosaceae). Its Chinese name is 榲桲. The branches are long and slender, and highly curved. The leaves are entire, ovate to elliptical. The base is circular or subcordate, and the tip is sharply pointed. The underside is densely covered with short white hairs. The pale pink flowers appear one at the end of each fruiting branch from early to mid-May, with a diameter of 3 to 4 cm and five petals. There are more than 20 stamens and five pistils. The fruit is pear-shaped or round, with persistent calyxes, and the surface is covered with short gray-white hairs. The flesh contains many stone cells and has a strong fragrance. It has a sweet and sour taste with a slight astringency. The core is removed, thinly sliced, and bottled or canned in sugar or in syrup after cooking, and is also used in confectionery. It is also often used in fruit liquor.

Native to Persia and Turkestan, it has been cultivated in Europe since the Greek and Roman era, and is said to have been introduced to China around the 10th century. It was introduced to Japan in Nagasaki in 1634 (Kan'ei 11). Currently, it is called Karin in the Suwa region of Nagano Prefecture, and is cultivated in small quantities, but it is different from the true quince, Pseudocydonia sinensis (Thouin) CKSchneid. ( Chaenomeles sinensis Koehne). It is also called Kantan in Niigata Prefecture and Bushkan in Yamanashi Prefecture, but it is different from Bushkan, which is a variety of citron. The Japanese name, quince, comes from the Portuguese word marmelo. It is propagated by layering, cuttings, or grafting from a seedling rootstock, and some are used as dwarf rootstocks for European pears.

[Muneo Iizuka January 21, 2020]

[References] | Karin | Citron
Quince
©Shogakukan ">

Quince


Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

バラ科(APG分類:バラ科)の落葉小高木または低木。中国名は榲桲。枝条は細長く、屈曲性が強い。葉は全縁で、卵形から長円形。基部は円形または亜心臓形で、先端はよくとがる。裏面に白い短毛が密生。花は淡紅色で5月上旬から中旬に、結果枝の先端に1花ずつつき、花径3~4センチメートル、花弁は5枚。雄しべは20余本、雌しべは5本。果実はセイヨウナシ形または丸形で宿存萼(がく)があり、果面には灰白色の短毛がある。果肉は石(せき)細胞が多く、香気が強い。甘酸っぱく軽度の渋味がある。芯(しん)を抜き、薄めに切って砂糖漬け、または火を通してシロップ漬けとして瓶詰や缶詰とするほか、糖菓ともする。また果実酒にもよく用いられる。

 ペルシア、トルキスタン地方の原産で、ヨーロッパではギリシア・ローマ時代から栽培され、中国へは10世紀ころ渡来したといわれる。日本へは1634年(寛永11)に長崎に伝えられた。現在、長野県諏訪(すわ)地方ではカリンとよばれ、わずかに栽培されるが、真正のカリンPseudocydonia sinensis (Thouin) C.K.Schneid.(Chaenomeles sinensis Koehne)とは異なる。また新潟県ではカンタン、山梨県ではブッシュカンとよぶが、シトロンの1変種であるブッシュカンとは異なる。なお和名のマルメロはポルトガル語marmeloによる。繁殖は取木、挿木、または実生共台(みしょうともだい)の接木(つぎき)により、なかにはセイヨウナシの矮性(わいせい)台木として利用されるものもある。

[飯塚宗夫 2020年1月21日]

[参照項目] | カリン | シトロン
マルメロ
©Shogakukan">

マルメロ


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