Penderecki, Krzysztof

Japanese: ペンデレツキ(英語表記)Penderecki, Krzysztof
Penderecki, Krzysztof
Born: 23 November 1933 in Dembica
[Died] March 29, 2020. Krakow Polish composer. He gained worldwide acclaim for his innovative and skilled orchestration. He studied composition at the Krakow Conservatory and graduated in 1958. The following year, at the 3rd Warsaw Contemporary Music Festival, he attracted attention with his Strophe for soprano, narrator and 10 instruments. In 1960, he released Anacrasis and Lament for the Victims of Hiroshima for 52 string instruments. Lament makes use of tone clusters, glissandos and sound effects from string instruments, a technique he also applied to his choral orchestral work Dimensions of Time and Silence, and the operas The Devils of Loudan (1968) and Paradise Lost (1978). In contrast, Psalms of David (1958) and Stabat Mater (1962) show a tendency towards simpler, more linear themes, with the latter especially combining traditional and experimental elements, leading to the masterpiece St. Luke Passion (1963-66). In form, this work is similar to the Baroque passion music represented by Johann Sebastian Bach, and Penderecki pays homage to Bach by using traditional techniques such as the free and monotonous rhythms of passacaglia and chants, and the twelve-tone equal temperament with a B♭-ACB (German spelling BACH) motif. In Canon for string orchestra and tape (1962), he also uses the polyphonic style of the Renaissance. Penderecki also led the European avant-garde in aleatory music, voice percussion, and non-traditional notation. Other works include the two-part Utrenia (Morning Prayer) (1969-71), Magnificat (1973-74), Polish Requiem (1980-2005), Cello Concerto No. 2 (1982), the opera King Ubu (1990-91), and the choral work Fedora (2002). In addition to his steady compositional activities, he taught composition at a school and was active as a conductor. His written works, including interviews and essays, are collected in the book Labyrinth of Time: Five Addresses for the End of the Millennium (1998). He is a four-time Grammy Award winner. In 2004, he was awarded the Praemium Imperiale in memory of Prince Takamatsu.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:
[生]1933.11.23. デンビツァ
[没]2020.3.29. クラクフ
ポーランドの作曲家。斬新かつ熟達した管弦楽法を駆使し世界的な評価を得た。クラクフ音楽院で作曲を学び,1958年卒業。翌 1959年の第3回ワルシャワ現代音楽祭で,ソプラノ・朗読・10の楽器のための『ストロフィ』で注目を集めた。1960年には『アナクラシス』,52の弦楽器による『広島の犠牲者に捧げる哀歌』を発表。「哀歌」ではトーン・クラスターやグリッサンド,弦楽器による効果音などが駆使され,この手法は合唱付きの管弦楽曲『時と静寂の次元』,オペラ『ルーダンの悪魔』(1968),『失楽園』(1978)にも応用された。反対に,『ダビデ詩篇』(1958)と『スタバト・マーテル』(1962)は主旋律が優勢なシンプルかつ直線的な傾向を示し,特に後者においては伝統的な要素と実験的な要素が組み合わされ,傑作『ルカ受難曲』(1963~66)へとつながる。この作品は,形式的にはヨハン・ゼバスチアン・バッハに代表されるバロック音楽の受難曲に似ており,ペンデレツキはバッハへのオマージュとして,パッサカリアや詠唱にある自由かつ単調なリズム,B♭-A-C-B(ドイツ語表記ではB-A-C-H)をモチーフにした十二平均律といった伝統的な手法を用いている。また弦楽オーケストラとテープのための『カノン』(1962)では,ルネサンス期のポリフォニー様式が使われている。ペンデレツキはこのほか,偶然性の音楽,ボイスパーカッション,非伝統的な記譜法などにおいても,ヨーロッパの前衛音楽を主導した。そのほかの作品に,2部構成の『ウトレニャ(朝の祈り)』(1969~71),『マニフィカト』(1973~74),『ポーランド・レクイエム』(1980~2005),『チェロ協奏曲第2番』(1982),オペラ『ユビュ王』(1990~91),合唱作品『フェドーラ』(2002)などがある。地道な作曲活動に加え,学校で作曲の教鞭をとり,指揮者としても活躍した。インタビューやエッセーなど執筆作品が" Labyrinth of Time: Five Addresses for the End of the Millennium"(1998)に収められている。グラミー賞を 4度受賞。2004年高松宮殿下記念世界文化賞受賞。

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