…The degree of vacuum can be expressed as a negative pressure based on atmospheric pressure, or the degree of gas reduction can be expressed as a percentage, but this is not common. From atmospheric pressure to about 10 2 Pa (about 1 Torr), manometers that put liquid in a U-tube and read the pressure from the difference in the height of the liquid, and vacuum gauges that read the internal and external pressure difference from the amount of elastic deformation of a Bourdon tube are commonly used. Below this pressure range (medium and high vacuum range), direct measurement of pressure is not easy, so McLeod gauges that involve gas compression or vacuum gauges that indirectly determine pressure by measuring other physical quantities that are functionally related to gas pressure, such as molecular density, incidence frequency, viscosity, and thermal conductivity, are used. … *Some of the terminology that mentions "manometer" is listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…真空の程度を,大気圧を基準にした負圧で示したり,気体の減少の度合を百分率で表示したりすることも行われるが,一般的ではない。 大気圧から,だいたい102Pa(約1Torr)までは,U字管に液体を入れてその液面の高さの差から圧力を読みとるマノメーターmanometerや,ブルドン管などの弾性変形量から内外圧力差を読みとる真空計が多く使われる。これ以下の圧力領域(中・高真空領域)では,圧力の直接測定は容易でなく,気体の圧縮操作を介在させたマクラウド真空計McLeod gaugeや,気体の圧力と関数関係にある他の物理量,例えば分子密度,入射頻度,粘度,熱伝導度などの測定から圧力を間接的に求める真空計による。… ※「manometer」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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