Bernstein - Eduard Bernstein

Japanese: ベルンシュタイン - べるんしゅたいん(英語表記)Eduard Bernstein
Bernstein - Eduard Bernstein

German socialist. Born in Berlin on January 6th as the son of a Jewish railway engineer. At the age of 16, he was employed as an apprentice at a bank in Berlin, and later worked at the Rothschild Bank. In 1872, he joined the Social Democratic Workers' Party, and in 1878, he moved to Switzerland as secretary to a patron of the socialist movement. In 1880, accompanied by Bebel, he visited Marx and Engels in London, and gained their trust. From January 1881, he was involved in editing the illegal organ of the German Socialist Workers' Party, the Zotieldemokrat, in Zurich. In 1888, he was expelled from Switzerland and moved to London, where he continued to edit the paper until September 1890. In London, he formed a friendship with Engels, but at the same time, he began to have doubts about Marxism after seeing the realities of British society, and from October 1896 onwards he began to write a series of articles in the Neue Zeit, advocating a revision of Marxism. In 1899 he published The Premise of Socialism and the Tasks of Social Democracy, which sparked a serious revisionist debate within the party. His arguments were rejected by the party, but his influence only grew stronger thereafter.

He received a pardon in 1901 and returned to Germany, becoming a member of the Imperial Diet the following year in 1902. During World War I he initially supported war bonds, but after 1915 he opposed the government's war policy and joined the Independent Social Democratic Party in 1917. After the war, however, he immediately returned to the Social Democratic Party and became a member of the Diet, contributing to the creation of the Görlitz Programme (which called for the party's transformation into a national party) adopted by the party in 1921. He retired in 1928 and died on December 18, 1932, at the age of 82.

[Toshio Matsu]

"The Premise of Socialism and the Tasks of Social Democracy" (translated by Masamori Sase, Diamond Publishing, 1974) " "Bernstein" by Peter Gay, translated by Katsuko Nagao (1980, Mokkusha Publishing)

[References] | Engels | Social Democracy | Revisionism

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

ドイツの社会主義者。1月6日ユダヤ人鉄道機関士の子としてベルリンに生まれる。16歳のときベルリンの銀行に見習いとして就職、のちロスチャイルド銀行に勤めたが、1872年社会民主労働者党に入党、1878年社会主義運動の後援者の秘書としてスイスに移住した。1880年ベーベルに伴われてロンドンにマルクス、エンゲルスを訪ね、その信頼を得て、1881年1月以降チューリヒでドイツ社会主義労働者党の非合法機関紙『ゾチアールデモクラート』の編集に携わったが、1888年スイスから追放され、ロンドンに移って1890年9月までこの地で同紙の編集を続けた。ロンドンではエンゲルスと親交を結んだが、一方、イギリス社会の実態を見聞してマルクス主義に疑問を抱き、1896年10月以降『ノイエ・ツァイト』に論文を連載してマルクス主義の修正を唱え、1899年『社会主義の諸前提と社会民主主義の任務』を公刊して党内に深刻な修正主義論争を引き起こした。彼の主張は党によって退けられたが、その影響は以後むしろ強められた。

 1901年特赦を受けて帰国、翌1902年帝国議会議員となり、第一次世界大戦では初め戦時公債に賛成したが、1915年以降、政府の戦争政策に反対し、1917年独立社会民主党に参加した。しかし戦後、ただちに社会民主党に復帰して国会議員となり、1921年に同党が採択したゲルリッツ綱領(国民政党への転換をうたった)の作成に寄与し、1928年に引退、1932年12月18日、82歳で死去した。

[松 俊夫]

『佐瀬昌盛訳『社会主義の諸前提と社会民主主義の任務』(1974・ダイヤモンド社)』『ピーター・ゲイ著、長尾克子訳『ベルンシュタイン』(1980・木鐸社)』

[参照項目] | エンゲルス | 社会民主党 | 修正主義

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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