Bukhara - Buhara (English spelling) Бухара/Buhara

Japanese: ブハラ - ぶはら(英語表記)Бухара/Buhara
Bukhara - Buhara (English spelling) Бухара/Buhara

The capital of Bukhara Oblast, Republic of Uzbekistan, Central Asia. It is also called Bokhara. It is located in the lowlands where the Zerafshan River flows, facing the canal. Population: 237,900 (1999), 277,839 (2019 estimate). The terrain of Bukhara Oblast is mostly flat, with little rainfall, and it is a breeding area for Karakul sheep, and silk farming is also thriving. Therefore, related industries have developed in the city of Bukhara. In particular, processed products of Karakul sheep, such as high-quality curly sheepskin, hats, and cloaks, are world famous. It is also known for the production of traditional arts and crafts using gold and silk threads. In addition, natural gas is produced and transported by pipeline to central Russia, the Urals, and southern Kazakhstan, and industrial development is also remarkable. There is a station on the Central Asian Railway that connects to the capital Tashkent and the capital of Turkmenistan, Ashgabat. It flourished as an important point on the Silk Road, and the old townscape still remains today. In 1993, it was registered as a World Heritage Site (World Cultural Heritage).

[Shuji Yamashita]

history

Although much about its pre-Islamic history remains unclear, a city was established at its current location at the latest in the 1st century AD. In 7th century Chinese documents, Bukhara is described as a safe country, and was under the control of an Iranian Sogdian dynasty, which appears in Islamic documents as Bukhār Khudāt. After Arab occupation, it gradually became Islamic from the early 8th century, and in the 9th and 10th centuries it became the capital of the Samanid dynasty and the center of Islamic scholarship and Iranian culture. It was destroyed by Genghis Khan in 1220, but was soon rebuilt, and from the 16th century it became the capital of the Bukhara Khanate and the political, economic, and cultural center of Western Turkistan. As trade relations with Russia became closer from the 18th century onwards, it developed into a major commercial city. After the revolution, it became the capital of the Bukhara People's Soviet Republic (1920-24), but after the establishment of the Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic (1924-91), it became the capital of Bukhara Oblast in 1928. When the Republic of Uzbekistan gained independence following the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, it became part of that country.

[Toru Horikawa]

[Reference] | Bukhara Khanate

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

中央アジア、ウズベキスタン共和国ブハラ州の州都。ボハラBokharaともいう。ゼラフシャン川が流れる低地に位置し、運河に面する。人口23万7900(1999)、27万7839(2019推計)。ブハラ州の地形はだいたい平坦(へいたん)で、降水量は少なく、カラクール種ヒツジの飼育地帯であり、養蚕も盛んである。それゆえブハラ市にその関連産業が発達している。とくに上等の巻毛羊皮、帽子、外套(がいとう)など、カラクール種ヒツジの加工製品は世界的に有名である。金糸・絹糸の伝統美術工芸品の製造でも知られている。また、天然ガスが産出し、ロシア中央部、ウラル、南カザフスタンにパイプラインで輸送されるとともに、工業の発達も顕著である。首都タシケントやトルクメニスタンの首都アシガバートに通ずる中央アジア鉄道の駅がある。シルク・ロードの重要地点として栄え、いまでも古い町並みが残る。1993年には世界遺産の文化遺産として登録されている(世界文化遺産)。

[山下脩二]

歴史

イスラム時代以前の歴史には不明な点も多いが、遅くとも西暦1世紀には、現在の地に町が建設されていた。7世紀の中国文献で、ブハラは安国と記され、イスラム文献にブハール・フダートBukhār Khudātとみえる、イラン系ソグド人王朝の支配下にあった。アラブ軍の占領後、8世紀初頭から徐々にイスラム化し、9~10世紀にはサーマーン朝の首都となって、イスラム学術・イラン文化の中心地となった。1220年にチンギス・ハンによって破壊されたが、まもなく復興し、16世紀からブハラ・ハン国の首都として、西トルキスタンの政治・経済・文化の中心地となっていった。18世紀以降ロシアとの通商関係が緊密化するなかで、一大商業都市として発展した。革命によってブハラ人民ソビエト共和国(1920~24)の首都となったが、ウズベク・ソビエト社会主義共和国(1924~91)成立後、1928年にブハラ州の州都となった。1991年のソ連崩壊によるウズベキスタン共和国の独立によって、同国領となった。

[堀川 徹]

[参照項目] | ブハラ・ハン国

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

<<:  Bukhara Khanate - Bukhara Khanate

>>:  Sect of Buddhism - Buha Bukkyo

Recommend

Kursk Tank Battle - Kursk Tank Battle

The largest tank battle in history took place in J...

Tsuneyoshi Yoshikawa

...A medieval samurai family from Suruga. The fam...

Agricultural finance - nougyoukinyuu

Originally, it meant the lending and borrowing of...

Double Jeopardy

…Although some believe that res judicata is nothi...

Baryons

A heavy particle that has strong interactions, al...

Almas

Almace: A fictional weapon. It is said to be the f...

Invariant returns to scale

… The law of diminishing returns is different fro...

Kasatouba - Kasatouba

It is a stone tower built to hold a memorial for t...

Alexander Porfirowiz Archipenko

A sculptor born in Kiev (now part of Ukraine) in ...

Dryas octopetala

…These plant groups were replaced by a group call...

Rudin (English spelling) Рудин/Rudin

A full-length novel by the Russian author Turgene...

Atmospheric nitrogen fixation - Fixation of atmospheric nitrogen

This refers to the synthesis of various nitrogen ...

Edo Rinpa

…His representative works include the “Summer and...

Ashio Sengen

…From 1662 (Kanbun 2) for six years, 300 tons of ...

Brahmanism

...the religion and social ideology that is the p...