Hamamatsu Domain

This was a Fudai clan that ruled the area around Hamamatsu in Totomi Province (Shizuoka Prefecture). Tokugawa Ieyasu, who had been in Hamamatsu Castle until 1586 (Tensho 14), established Sunpu as the base for his control of the five provinces and moved there. When he then moved to Kanto in 1590, Toyotomi Hideyoshi's subordinate Horio Yoshiharu was appointed to Hamamatsu (120,000 koku). In 1600 (Keicho 5), Shitadauji was transferred to Matsue, and the following year Matsudaira (Sakurai) Tadayori was appointed to the clan and established a fief of 50,000 koku. In 1609, Tadayori was killed by the chief guard and stripped of his fief, and Mizuno Shigenaka, a retainer of Tokugawa Yorinobu, was appointed to Hamamatsu Castle (25,000 koku) from Hitachi. In 1619 (5th year of Genwa), the Mizuno clan moved to Shingu in Kii, and after that, the Takariki, Matsudaira (Ogyu), Ota, Aoyama, Honjo (Matsudaira), Matsudaira (Okochi), Honjo (re-fief), Inoue, Mizuno, and Inoue (re-fief) clans took turns to hold fiefs. Among them, the most notable were the Ota (35,000 koku), Mizuno (60,000 koku), and Inoue (60,000 koku) clans.

The Ota clan is said to have conducted the "Otadono Land Survey" (late 17th century) and formed a rural society based on small peasantism. The Mizuno clan had Tadakuni, the promoter of the Tenpo Reforms, and his son Tadakiyo, who held the fief. Tadakuni wanted to attend the Shogunate's cabinet, so he requested a financially disadvantageous transfer and moved from Karatsu to Hamamatsu. At the same time as the Shogunate government reforms, the clan also carried out reforms of the domain government, (1) encouraging agriculture and strengthening the collection of tributes and funds, (2) consolidating domain bonds ("refusal" = cessation of repayment), (3) educating domain samurai and establishing domain laws, and (4) reforming the military system. The Inoue clan focused on promoting industry (such as the development of Enshujima) and the construction of the Odaiba (battery). At the end of the Edo period, the National Studies Research Association and the Enshu Patriotic Corps were born, leading the domain's opinion to loyalty to the Emperor. With the establishment of the Sunpu Domain in 1868 (Keio 4), Inoue Masanao moved to Tsurumai in Kazusa.

[Atsuyuki Wakabayashi]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

遠江(とおとうみ)国（静岡県）浜松周辺を領有した譜代(ふだい)藩。1586年（天正14）まで浜松城にいた徳川家康は、五か国支配の拠点を駿府(すんぷ)に定めて移り、さらに1590年関東に移ると、浜松には豊臣(とよとみ)秀吉の部将堀尾吉晴(よしはる)が入封した（12万石）。1600年（慶長5）子忠氏が松江に移されると、翌年松平（桜井）忠頼(ただより)が入り5万石で立藩。1609年忠頼は大番士に殺害されて除封、浜松城は徳川頼宣(よりのぶ)の付家老(つけがろう)水野重央(しげなか)が常陸(ひたち)から入封（2万5000石）。1619年（元和5）水野氏は紀伊新宮(しんぐう)に移り、以後高力(こうりき)、松平（大給(おぎゅう)）、太田、青山、本庄(ほんじょう)（松平）、松平（大河内(おおこうち)）、本庄（再封）、井上、水野、井上（再封）の各氏が交代就封した。なかで注目されるのは、太田（3万5000石）、水野（6万石）、井上（6万石）の諸氏である。

　太田氏は「太田殿検地」（17世紀後半）を実施し、小農民主義を基本とする農村社会を形成したといわれる。水野氏は天保(てんぽう)の改革の推進者忠邦(ただくに)と子忠精(ただきよ)が在封。忠邦は幕閣列席を望み、あえて財政的に不利な転封を願い出て、唐津(からつ)から浜松に移ったものである。幕政改革と同時に藩政改革を実施、(1)勧農奨励と上納金・調達金の取立て強化、(2)藩債整理（「お断り」＝返済中止）、(3)藩士教育と藩法の整備、(4)軍制改革を行った。井上氏は殖産興業（遠州縞(えんしゅうじま)の開発など）、御台場(おだいば)の建設などに力を注いだ。幕末には、国学研究会、遠州報国隊などが生まれ、藩論を勤王に導いた。1868年（慶応4）駿府藩創設に伴い、井上正直は上総(かずさ)鶴舞(つるまい)に転じた。

［若林淳之］

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