Social work in the health and medical fields. It is also called medical social work. It mainly involves helping patients and their families to solve and adjust psychological, social, and economic problems that prevent appropriate prevention, treatment, or rehabilitation of illness. The professionals who do this are called medical social workers (MSWs) or medical social workers. Their specialized techniques and methods include a wide range of things, such as (1) case work, (2) group work, (3) community organization, (4) social action, and (5) education, surveys, and research activities. In Europe and the United States, hospitals originated from workhouses and religious charitable institutions that protected poor sick people, so they have a tradition of medical social work activities. It was taken up as a specialty in England at the end of the 19th century, and has since gradually expanded into the public health field. In Japan, MSWs were introduced from the United States after World War II, but they have not yet been fully recognized in the medical system, as they have not yet been defined as an official occupation. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
保健,医療領域における社会事業。医療ソーシャルワークともいわれる。主として,患者や家族に対して,疾病の適切な予防,治療あるいはリハビリテーションを妨げているような,心理的,社会的,経済的な問題を解決,調整できるよう援助することをいう。これを行う専門家を医療ソーシャルワーカー MSWあるいは医療社会事業家などと呼ぶ。その専門技術や方法としては,(1) ケースワーク,(2) グループワーク,(3) コミュニティー・オーガニゼーション,(4) ソーシャルアクション,(5) 教育・調査・研究活動など,幅広いものが含まれる。欧米では,貧困な病人を保護した救貧院や宗教的慈善施設から病院が発生したため,医療社会事業的な活動の伝統をもち,19世紀末のイギリスで専門分野として取上げられ,その後次第に公衆衛生分野にも進出してきた。日本では第2次世界大戦後アメリカから導入されたが,MSWはまだ正式の職種として規定されていないなど,医療制度のなかで十分承認されるにいたっていない。
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