At the beginning of the 20th century, international capital, mainly from Germany, extended the Haydarpaşa-Konya section of Turkey's Anatolian Railway to build a railway line between Konya and Baghdad (Iraq). In 1888, the Deutsche Bank obtained the right to build a railway in Asia Minor from the Turkish government. However, the Haydarpaşa-Izmit section of the Anatolian Railway had been built with British capital, so Germany bought the existing section from Britain and established the Anatolian Railway Company in 1889. Germany completed the Izmit-Ankara section in 1892, and the line from Izmit to Konya in 1896. After the German Emperor Wilhelm II's trip to the East in 1898, Germany actively promoted its Ostpolitik, and from that year to 1903, it obtained the right to build a port in Haydarpaşa and the right to build a railway from Konya to Basra (Iraq) on the Persian Gulf coast via Baghdad, and organized the Baghdad Railway Company. As a result, Germany was able to form a sphere of influence extending overland from Central Europe to the Middle East, and the railway was considered the core of Germany's Three Bs policy, becoming one of the causes of intensifying imperialist competition with Britain and Russia. Subsequently, in negotiations between Germany and Britain, Germany renounced its right to lay the line between Baghdad and Basra in 1914, but the outbreak of World War I meant that the agreement only ended up being a provisional one. By the time the war ended in 1918, the Baghdad Railway had been laid between Konya and Nusaybin (Turkey) and between Baghdad and Zammara (about two-thirds of the total length of 3,200 km), but it was never completed. The Republic of Turkey then took over construction, and the line was completed in 1940. [Takehiko Okabe] [References] | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
20世紀の初め、ドイツを中心とする国際資本により、トルコのアナトリア鉄道のハイダルパシャ―コンヤ間を延長して、コンヤ―バグダード(イラク)間に敷設された鉄道。 1888年にドイツ銀行は、トルコ政府から小アジアにおける鉄道建設権を得た。しかし、アナトリア鉄道のうちハイダルパシャ―イズミット間はイギリス資本により建設されていたため、ドイツはイギリスから既設部分を買収し、89年にアナトリア鉄道会社を設立した。ドイツは92年にイズミット―アンカラ間を完成させ、96年にはイズミットからコンヤまでの路線を完成させた。98年のドイツ皇帝ウィルヘルム2世の東方旅行以後、ドイツは積極的に東方政策を推進し、同年から1903年にかけて、ハイダルパシャの築港権と、コンヤからバグダードを経てペルシア湾岸のバスラ(イラク)に至る鉄道敷設権を獲得、バグダード鉄道会社を組織した。これによりドイツは、陸路で中欧から中東に至る勢力圏を形成することになるため、同鉄道はドイツ三B政策の基幹とみなされて、イギリス、ロシアとの帝国主義競争激化の原因の一つとなった。その後、ドイツとイギリスの交渉で、1914年にドイツはバグダード―バスラ間の敷設権を放棄したが、第一次世界大戦が勃発(ぼっぱつ)したため、仮調印に終った。大戦が終結した18年までにバグダード鉄道はコンヤ―ヌサイビン(トルコ)間とバグダード―ザマラ間とに敷設されていたが(全長3200キロメートルの約3分の2)、完成せず、その後トルコ共和国が建設を継承して、1940年に全通した。 [岡部健彦] [参照項目] | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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