Huggins, Charles Brenton

Japanese: ハギンズ(英語表記)Huggins, Charles Brenton
Huggins, Charles Brenton
Born: September 22, 1901, Halifax, Nova Scotia
[Died] January 12, 1997, Chicago American physician, surgeon, and urologist. Graduated from Harvard Medical School in 1924. Lecturer at the University of Michigan and the University of Chicago, professor at the University of Chicago from 1936 to 1962, director of the Ben May Cancer Institute attached to the university from 1951 to 1969. Around 1938, he focused on the relationship between prostate cancer and female hormones in experiments on dogs, and in 1941, he invented a method of treating human prostate cancer by either removing the testicles or injecting estrogen, which he established as endocrine therapy for cancer. He further developed this into total oophorectomy for patients with terminal breast cancer, and attempted adrenalectomy and cortisone administration. In 1966, he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine along with F. Routh for his research into the causes and treatment of prostate cancer.

Huggins
Huggins, Sir William

Born: February 7, 1824, London
[Died] May 12, 1910, London. British astronomer. Self-taught in astronomical spectroscopy. He applied the method of spectroscopy to measure the constituent elements of stars, revolutionizing astronomical observations with his use of stellar spectrographs. In 1856, he established a private observatory in London. He revealed that stars are composed of the same elements as the Sun and Earth (1863), that novae are covered by a hydrogen gas shell that is hotter than the surface of normal stars (66), and that comets emit carbon gas fluorescence (68). He also derived the radial velocity of the star Sirius from the redshift of its spectral lines. He was President of the Royal Society (1900-05). He was knighted in 1997.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:
[生]1901.9.22. ノバスコシア,ハリファックス
[没]1997.1.12. シカゴ
アメリカの医学者,外科医,泌尿器科医。 1924年ハーバード大学医学部卒業。ミシガン,シカゴ両大学講師,36~62年シカゴ大学教授,51~69年同大学付属のベン・メイ癌研究所所長。 1938年頃イヌの実験で前立腺癌と女性ホルモンの関係に注目,41年精巣の摘出か,あるいは卵胞ホルモンの注射による人間の前立腺癌治療法を創案し,癌の内分泌療法として確立。さらにそれを発展させて,末期乳癌患者に対する卵巣全摘手術や,副腎摘出手術とコーチゾン投与なども試みた。 66年,前立腺癌の原因と治療の研究に対して,F.ラウスとともにノーベル生理学・医学賞を受賞。

ハギンズ
Huggins, Sir William

[生]1824.2.7. ロンドン
[没]1910.5.12. ロンドン
イギリスの天文学者。天体分光学を独学。星の構成成分の測定に分光学の方法を適用し,星の分光写真を使用して天体観測に変革をもたらした。 1856年ロンドンに私設天文台を設置。恒星が,太陽,地球と同一元素から成ること (1863) ,新星が通常の恒星表面より高温の水素気体殻におおわれていること (66) ,彗星が炭素ガスのケイ光を発していること (68) などを明らかにし,またシリウス星のスペクトル線の赤方偏移から,その視線速度を導いた。ロイヤル・ソサエティ会長 (1900~05) 。 97年ナイトの称号を授けられた。

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