Turkish military officer and politician. Born in Smyrna (now Izmir). Graduated from the Artillery Academy in 1903 and the Army University in 1906. Served in the Italo-Turkish War (1911-1912), the First Balkan War (1912-1913), and the Arab Revolt (1916). Became Deputy Minister of Defense in 1918, and participated in Kemal Pasha's (Kemal Ataturk) defense of the homeland and war of independence, serving as his right-hand man. In 1921, he thwarted the Greek invasion in the battles of İnönü and Sakarya, and took the surname İnönü to commemorate the victory. In 1922, he became Minister of Foreign Affairs. The following year, in 1923, he attended the Lausanne Conference as chief plenipotentiary, achieving notable diplomatic successes such as territorial integrity and recognition of independence. On October 29, 1923, when the Republic of Turkey was established, he served as Prime Minister twice under President Kemal Ataturk (October 1923-November 1924, March 1925-November 1937). After Kemal Ataturk's death in November 1938, he was elected as the second President (in office November 11, 1938-May 14, 1950) and at the same time became the Chairman of the Republican People's Party. During World War II, he maintained a neutral policy and protected his country from the ravages of war. After the war, in 1946, he introduced a multi-party system, paving the way for the democratization of Turkish politics. After the military coup in 1960, he served as Prime Minister from November 1961 to February 1965. In May 1972, he lost to Secretary General Ecevit at the Republican People's Party Extraordinary Congress and resigned as party president, and left the party in November 1972 and retired from politics. He died of a heart attack at his home in Ankara on December 25, 1973. His contributions to the construction of the modern Turkish nation are highly regarded. [Hiroshi Nagaba] [References] | | | | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
トルコの軍人、政治家。スミルナ(現イズミル)生まれ。1903年砲兵士官学校、1906年陸軍大学卒業。イタリア・トルコ戦争(1911~1912)、第一次バルカン戦争(1912~1913)、アラブの反乱(1916)などに従軍。1918年国防次官となり、ケマル・パシャ(ケマル・アタチュルク)の祖国防衛・独立戦争に参加、その右腕として活躍する。1921年、ギリシア軍の侵略をイノニュおよびサカリヤの合戦で阻止、その戦勝を記念してイノニュ姓を名のった。1922年外務大臣に就任。翌1923年のローザンヌ会議に首席全権として列席、領土の保全と独立の承認という顕著な外交成果を収める。1923年10月29日、トルコ共和国が成立すると、大統領ケマル・アタチュルクのもとで二度首相を務める(1923年10月~1924年11月、1925年3月~1937年11月)。1938年11月ケマル・アタチュルクの死去に伴い第2代大統領に選出され(在任1938年11月11日~1950年5月14日)、同時に共和人民党の総裁に就任する。第二次世界大戦中は中立政策を堅持して祖国を戦禍から守った。戦後の1946年に複数政党制の導入に踏み切り、トルコ政治の民主化への道を拓(ひら)いた。1960年軍事クーデター後、1961年11月から1965年2月まで首相を務める。1972年5月共和人民党臨時大会で書記長エジェビトに敗れて総裁を辞任、1972年11月離党して政界から退いた。1973年12月25日、心臓発作のためアンカラの自宅で死去。近代的なトルコ国家建設に果たした功績は高く評価される。 [長場 紘] [参照項目] | | | | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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