Sanpaku Inamura

A Dutch scholar of the late Edo period. Compiler of Japan's first Dutch-Japanese dictionary. His given name was Sen and his pen name was Hakuu. Sanpaku was his nickname. He was a doctor in the Tottori domain. He escaped from the domain to Edo and studied Dutch studies under Otsuki Gentaku. Lamenting the lack of a Dutch-Japanese dictionary at the time, he set out to compile one, and using the Dutch-French dictionary by François Halma (1653-1722), he compiled Haruma Wage with the help and translation of Ishii Tsuneemon (also known as Ishii Shosuke, formerly known as Bata Seikichi, 1743-?), a former Dutch interpreter who served Matsudaira Sadanobu, lord of Shirakawa domain. In 1796 (Kansei 8), he printed 30 copies of over 80,000 original words in wood type, and wrote in translations. He later retired to Kaijo District, Shimousa Province (now Asahi City), Chiba Prefecture, calling himself Unaga Mizuio, but in his later years he went to Kyoto to teach Dutch studies. His disciple Fujibayashi Fuzan (1781-1836) created a simple translation key to alleviate the inconvenience of the large volume and small number of copies of Haruma Wake. Haruma Wake is also known as Edo Haruma, in contrast to the Dutch-Japanese dictionary that was later compiled by Dutch trading post chief Doeff with the assistance of Dutch interpreters in Nagasaki, which was called Nagasaki Haruma. He died on January 16, 1812. He was buried at Daionji Temple in Higashiyama, Kyoto.

[Kazuo Katagiri October 19, 2018]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

江戸後期の蘭学者(らんがくしゃ)。日本最初の蘭和辞典の編纂(へんさん)者。名は箭(せん)、号は白羽(はくう)。三伯は通称。鳥取藩医。脱藩して江戸に出て大槻玄沢(おおつきげんたく)について蘭学を学んだ。当時、蘭和辞典のないのを遺憾として辞典編纂を志し、ハルマFrançois Halma（1653―1722）の蘭仏辞典により、オランダ通詞(つうじ)出身で白河藩主松平定信(まつだいらさだのぶ)に仕える石井恒右衛門（石井庄助とも。旧名、馬田清吉(ばたせいきち)。1743―？）の翻訳、協力を得て、『波留麻和解(ハルマわげ)』を編纂、成就した。1796年（寛政8）8万余語の原語を木活字で30部印刷し、訳語を書き入れた。のち一時、下総(しもうさ)国（千葉県）海上郡（現、旭(あさひ)市）に隠棲(いんせい)、海上随鴎(うながみずいおう)と称したが、晩年京都に出て蘭学を教授した。門下の藤林普山(ふじばやしふざん)（1781―1836）は、『波留麻和解』が大冊で少部数である不便を軽減すべく、簡明な『訳鍵(やっけん)』を作成した。『波留麻和解』は、のちオランダ商館長ドゥーフが長崎のオランダ通詞を督励して編纂した蘭和辞典を『長崎ハルマ』というのに対して『江戸ハルマ』ともよばれる。文化8年1月16日没。京都東山の大恩寺に葬られた。

［片桐一男　2018年10月19日］

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