Indigenous people of the Kamchatka Peninsula in eastern Russia. Population: about 2500. Itelmen is related to Koryak and Chukchi, and together with them are included in the so-called Old Siberian languages. In the past, they made their living by fishing and hunting, using mainly stone and bone tools, but when Russians advanced into the Kamchatka Peninsula in the 18th century, they gradually came under their influence. In particular, the Itelmens who mixed with Russians began to speak Russian as their mother tongue, and were called Kamchadals, to distinguish them from the original Itelmens who spoke Itelmen as their mother tongue. During the Soviet era, most of the Itelmens formed kolkhozes. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
ロシア東部,カムチャツカ半島の先住民。人口約 2500。イテリメン語はコリャーク語,チュクチ語と親縁関係にあり,両者とともにいわゆる古シベリア諸語に含まれる。古くは石器や骨器を主とする道具を用いて漁労,狩猟を生業としていたが,18世紀にロシア人がカムチャツカ半島に進出するに及び,次第にその影響を受けるようになった。特に,ロシア人と混血したイテリメン族はロシア語を母語とするようになり,イテリメン語を母語とする本来のイテリメン族と区別され,カムチャダール族と称されるようになった。ソ連時代にはイテリメン族の大部分はコルホーズを構成した。
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