Cantus firmus (Latin)

Japanese: 定旋律 - ていせんりつ(英語表記)cantus firmus ラテン語
Cantus firmus (Latin)

In a musical style with polyphony as its textural principle, a fixed basic melody is arranged in one voice part to function as the core of the musical time progression of an ensemble (singing). It has been important in the history of European composition, especially in counterpoint, from the Middle Ages to the present day. The melodies used are often existing monophonic chants, Protestant chorales, and secular melodies, but the more modern the piece, the more new they are. In contrast to the cantus melody, which is based on a relaxed, stable, and simple rhythm, the other voice parts are composed to express more detailed and complex melodic contours and rhythmic shapes. In other words, the techniques of reducing, dividing, expanding, and transforming the sound progression of the cantus melody are used in a way that anticipates and imitates the original, so to speak, to vary it simultaneously, or to make full use of completely different sound patterns. The concept and practice of cantus melody is seen in many examples outside of Europe, such as the balungan and gunding in Javanese and Balinese gamelan.

[Osamu Yamaguchi]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

多声性をテクスチュア原理とする音楽様式において、合奏(唱)の音楽時間進行の核として機能するように一つの声部に配置された一定の基本旋律。ヨーロッパの作曲史上、とくに対位法において、中世から現代まで重視されてきた。利用される旋律としては、既存の単旋聖歌、プロテスタントのコラール、世俗旋律の場合が多いが、現代に近いほど新作が多くなる。ゆったりと安定し単純なリズムに基づく定旋律に対して対比的な他の声部は、より細かく複雑な旋律輪郭とリズム型を表出するよう作曲される。すなわち、定旋律の音進行を縮小・分割・拡大・変形する技法を、先取り・模倣といった方法で、いわば同時的に変奏したり、まったく異なる音型素材を駆使したりする。こうした定旋律の概念と実践はヨーロッパ以外にも例が多く、ジャワやバリ島のガムランにおけるバルンガンやグンディンが代表的である。

[山口 修]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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