Graben (English spelling)

Japanese: 地溝 - ちこう(英語表記)graben
Graben (English spelling)

A long, narrow area in which the strata are bounded on both sides by a fault or group of faults, with the area between them dropping relatively low relative to the surrounding area. Large-scale rift zones are particularly known as rift zones. Rifts and rift zones are often formed by groups of normal faults. Both normal faults on both sides of a rift have fault planes that slope toward the rift. A rift zone with normal faults on only one side is called a half-rift. Some rift zones that are still active today are connected to mid-ocean ridges and form part of the global plate system. The Great African Rift is a prime example, where the African continent is splitting apart and it is thought that in the future seawater will invade and form an ocean called the East African Sea.

[Tanio Itoh and Akihiro Murata]

[References] | African Rift Valley | Normal faults

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

地層の両側を断層あるいは断層群によってくぎられ、その間が周囲に対して相対的に落ち込んだ細長い地帯。大規模な地溝はとくに地溝帯rift zoneとよばれる。地溝や地溝帯は多くの場合、正断層群によって形成される。地溝の両側の正断層はいずれも地溝側に傾斜した断層面をもつ。正断層が片方にしか存在しないものは半地溝とよばれる。現在でも活動している地溝帯のなかには、中央海嶺(かいれい)に接続し、全地球的なプレートシステムの一部を構成しているものもある。アフリカ大地溝帯はその代表例で、アフリカ大陸が割れて両側に離れつつあり、将来は海水が浸入して東アフリカ海という海が形成されると考えられている。

[伊藤谷生・村田明広]

[参照項目] | アフリカ大地溝帯 | 正断層

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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