Teak (English spelling)

Japanese: チーク - ちーく(英語表記)teak
Teak (English spelling)

A deciduous tree of the Verbenaceae family (APG classification: Lamiaceae). It can reach a height of 25 to 30 meters and a diameter of about 3 meters. The leaves are alternate, short-stalked, obovate, entire, and 30 to 60 centimeters long. From June to August, it produces large panicles at the ends of the branches. The flowers are white tubular florets 8 mm in diameter with five lobes at the tip. The fruit is a slightly spherical drupe 2 to 2.5 cm in diameter. It is enclosed in a persistent calyx similar to that of a ground cherry and hangs down. The fruit is divided into four chambers, each of which contains an oblong seed. It is native to the area from India to the Malay Peninsula. The wood is yellow immediately after cutting, but turns dark brown over time. The wood is very strong and once dried, it does not expand, contract, warp, or crack. It is durable and easy to process, and is one of the most commonly used useful woods in Southeast Asia, along with lauan. It is not easily damaged by shipworms or termites, and is considered the best material for ships. It is also used for furniture, architecture, civil engineering, and sculpture.

Teak originates from India, Laos, Myanmar (Burma), and Thailand, but natural forests are declining. Countries other than Myanmar prohibit the cutting down of natural forests and the export of logs. Artificial afforestation is carried out in Africa, Central and South America, and Asia, with nearly 40% of the world's teak wood being produced in India. It grows slowly, reaching maturity in about 100 years, but is thinned out every 5 to 7 years and clear-cut after 80 to 100 years. Elephants are used to transport the wood from the mountains, and it is gathered on riverbanks, and in the rainy season it is collected on rafts at collection points for export.

[Hoshikawa Kiyochika September 17, 2021]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

クマツヅラ科(APG分類:シソ科)の落葉高木。高さ25~30メートル、径約3メートルに達する。葉は短い柄があって互生し、倒卵形、全縁、長さ30~60センチメートル。6~8月、枝の先に大きな円錐(えんすい)花序をつくる。花は白色管状の小花で径8ミリメートル、先端は5裂する。果実はやや球形の核果で径2~2.5センチメートル。ホオズキに似た宿存萼(がく)に包まれ、下垂する。果内は4室に分かれ、各室に長楕円(ちょうだえん)形の種子がある。インドからマレー半島にかけての地域原産である。材は切り出した直後は黄色であるが、年月の経過とともに暗褐色となる。材質は非常に堅強で、一度乾燥した材は伸縮したり、反ったり、割れたりすることがない。耐久力に富むうえに加工しやすく、東南アジア産の有用材として、ラワンとともにもっとも利用が多い。フナクイムシやシロアリの害を受けにくく、船舶用材として最良のものとされる。ほかに、家具、建築、土木、彫刻用材とされる。

 原産国はインド、ラオス、ミャンマー(ビルマ)、タイであるが天然のチーク林は減少している。ミャンマー以外の国では天然林の伐採や丸太の輸出を禁止している。アフリカ、中南米、アジアで人工造林が行われており、世界全体のチーク材の40%近くはインドで生産される。成長は遅く、100年くらいで成樹となるが、5~7年ごとに間伐をし、80~100年で皆伐する。山地からの搬出はゾウを使って行い、川岸に集め、雨期に筏(いかだ)を組んで集積地に集められ輸出される。

[星川清親 2021年9月17日]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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