Ishikawa Jozan

A Chinese poet in the early Edo period. His given name was Ou, and his pen name was Jozan. He was also known by the pen names Rokurokusanjin, Shimeisanjin, and Ototsuka. He was born into a family of Mikawa samurai who had served the Tokugawa clan for generations, but after being reprimanded for violating military law during the Summer Siege of Osaka, he abandoned his samurai ways and studied poetry under Fujiwara Seika. In 1641 (Kan'ei 18), he built Shisendo at Ichijoji Temple in Rakuhoku and retired to the area. He enjoyed elegant friendships with famous cultural figures of the time, such as Hayashi Razan and Gensei Shonin, and spent a carefree life playing with poetry and prose. The name Shisendo comes from the fact that he selected 36 Chinese poets and had Kano Tan'yu paint their portraits, which were then hung on the wall. In the early Edo period, when Chinese poetry had a low status compared to Confucianism, he was unique in that he devoted himself to poetry, and his works are included in the "Shinpen Fushoshu." In particular, one of the seven poems entitled "Mount Fuji" became widely known: "The peak beyond the clouds where immortals come to wander. The deepest part of the cave where the divine dragon resides. The snow is like pure water and the smoke is like a handle. The sky of the East Sea hangs upside down like a white fan."

[Tatsuo Hino]

"Japanese Classical Literature Series 89: Gozan Literature Collection and Edo Chinese Poetry Collection" (1966, Iwanami Shoten) edited by Tokuhei Yamagishi"

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

江戸初期の漢詩人。名は凹(おう)。丈山は字(あざな)。六六山人、四明山人、凹凸窠(おうとつか)などと号した。代々徳川氏に仕える三河武士の家に生まれたが、大坂夏の陣のとき軍律を犯してとがめを受けたため武士を捨て、藤原惺窩(せいか)に入門して詩を学んだ。1641年（寛永18）洛北(らくほく)一乗寺に詩仙堂を築いて隠棲(いんせい)し、林羅山(らざん)、元政上人(げんせいしょうにん)ら当時著名な文化人との風雅の交友を楽しみ、詩文に遊ぶ自適の生涯を送った。詩仙堂の名は、中国の詩人36人を選んで狩野探幽(かのうたんゆう)にその像を描かせ、壁に掲げたことにちなむ。儒学に比して漢詩の地位の低かった江戸初期に、詩作をもっぱらとした点で特異な存在であり、作品は『新編覆醤集(ふしょうしゅう)』に収められる。とくに「富士山」と題する七絶、「仙客来遊す雲外の巓(いただき)。神竜栖(す)み老ゆ洞中の淵(ふち)。雪は紈素(がんそ)の如く煙は柄(え)の如し。白扇倒(さかさま)に懸(かか)る東海の天」は人口に膾炙(かいしゃ)する。

［日野龍夫］

『山岸徳平校注『日本古典文学大系 89　五山文学集・江戸漢詩集』（1966・岩波書店）』

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