This is the penal code enacted in 1870 (Meiji 3). Prior to this, the new Meiji government had aimed to enact a unified penal code appropriate for a centralized state, and had completed the "Kakeiritsu" (or "Kariritsu") in 1868, but it was not published or put into effect. Therefore, this Shinritsu Koryo was the first penal code to be published and put into effect in Japan since the Meiji period. However, in terms of content, like the Kakeiritsu, it was modeled on the ritsuryo criminal code of China, particularly the Ming and Qing dynasties, and referenced the criminal code of the Edo Shogunate, making it a very old-fashioned piece of work. In other words, judging from the format of the code, not only was it messy without systematizing and organizing provisions by article, but it also did not yet understand the principle of criminal legality, such as allowing analogical application of criminal law and retroactive effect, as seen in "Hifuenin" and "Fouiritsu", and it made distinctions between samurai and monks and nuns based on their status, making it far from a modern criminal code. The "Revised Ritsuryo" of 1873 reorganized the format of the Shinritsu Koryo by article and supplemented the content, and this revised Ritsuryo remained in effect until the "Old Criminal Code" of 1882, which became a modern criminal code. [Tetsuro Nawa] [Reference] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
1870年(明治3)に制定された刑法典。これ以前に、明治新政府は中央集権的国家にふさわしい統一的な刑法典の制定を目ざし、1868年「仮刑律」(または「仮律」)を完成させたが、公布・施行されるに至らなかった。そこで、この新律綱領が、明治以降のわが国で初めて公布・施行された刑法典ということになる。しかし、内容的には、仮刑律と同様、中国、とくに明清(みんしん)の律令刑法を範とし、江戸幕府の刑法を参考にしたものであり、古色蒼然(そうぜん)としたものであった。すなわち、法典の体裁からみると、条文ごとに規定を整理し体系化することなく雑然としたものであるばかりでなく、「比附援引(ひふえいん)」「不応為律(ふおういりつ)」にみられるように、刑法の類推適用や遡及効(そきゅうこう)を認めるなど罪刑法定主義をいまだ知らず、武士や僧尼につき身分上の区別を設けるなど、およそ近代的な刑法典とはほど遠いものであった。なお、新律綱領の体裁を条文ごとに整理し、内容的に補充したのが、1873年の「改定律例」であり、この改定律例は、1882年の近代的刑法典に属する「旧刑法」の施行まで効力を有していた。 [名和鐵郎] [参照項目] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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