Shu'ubiyya Movement (English spelling) al-Shu'ūbīya

Japanese: シュウービーヤ運動 - しゅうーびーやうんどう(英語表記)al-Shu‘ūbīya
Shu'ubiyya Movement (English spelling) al-Shu'ūbīya

It was an intellectual movement that started in the Islamic world in the mid-8th century, and was particularly active among writers. It is said to have begun during the time of the second Abbasid caliph, Mansur (reigned 754-775). Iranian intellectuals who converted to Islam resented the Arabs for treating them with a sense of superiority, and especially for treating newly converted foreign peoples as mawari (subordinates) and subordinate to Arab tribes, and for discriminating in various ways. The Quran (Chapter 49, verse 13) preaches that all Muslims are brothers and equals, and says, "We (God) have made you Shu'ub and Kaba'ir," but the Shu'ub were interpreted as non-Arab (Ajam) tribes, the Kaba'ir as Arab tribes, and the Arabs as backward people who had been barbaric until recently, and the Iranians themselves as people with an ancient civilization. The movement spread to Syria, Egypt, and Spain, but there were some differences in their claims.

[Shinji Maeshima]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

8世紀中ごろからイスラム世界に起こった思想運動で、とくに文学者たちの間で活発であった。アッバース朝第2代カリフ、マンスール(在位754~775)の時代から始まったという。イスラムに帰依したイランの文化人たちは、アラブ人が優越感を抱いて自分たちに臨み、ことに新たに改宗した異民族をマワーリー(付庸民)として、アラブのどの部族かに従属させること、種々の差別待遇をすることを憤っていた。コーラン(49章13節)に、すべてのムスリムが兄弟であり、平等であることを説いて「われら(神)はなんじらをシュウーブとカバーイルとにした」とあるが、このシュウーブを非アラブ(アジャム)の諸部族、カバーイルをアラブの諸部族と解し、かつアラブは最近まで野蛮状態にいた後進の民、自分たちこそ古い文明をもつ民とした。シリア、エジプト、スペインにもこの運動は広がったが、それらの主張にはそれぞれ若干の差があった。

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