An artificial town created in the first half of the Sengoku period. It was built around a Jodo Shinshu temple, with defensive facilities such as earthworks and moats, and town houses gathered around the perimeter. It is considered to be the original form of a castle town in the early modern period. It is distinguished from a temple town because it is a defensive city centered around a temple. It began in Yoshizaki (Awara City) in Echizen (Fukui Prefecture), and the early temple was built in a fortified location at the northern end of a hill (nationally designated historic site - Yoshizaki Gobo ruins). Tenement houses called "taya" were built in the lowlands at the foot of the hill, and town houses for craftsmen such as blacksmiths and carpenters were also built. The construction of temple towns can be divided into those led by temples, those donated by local lords during the Sengoku period, and those by groups of followers. Its location in the human geography is a key location for land and water transportation, and it was chosen as a potential base for the distribution of goods. During the Sengoku period, it was a base for the Ikko Ikki rebellion, but as the rebellion declined, it declined and in the early modern period it transformed into a temple town centered on faith. Good examples of this are Inami, Johana, and Furuko (Fushiki, Takaoka City) in Ecchu (Toyama Prefecture), Yamashina in Yamashiro (Kyoto Prefecture), Ishiyama (former Osaka Castle) in Settsu (Osaka Prefecture), Kaizuka in Hirakata and Izumi (Osaka Prefecture), Tondabayashi, and Takada in Yamato (Nara Prefecture). [Yukio Asaka] [Reference] | | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
戦国時代の前半につくられた人為的な町。浄土真宗の寺院を中心とし、その周りに土塁や堀などの防衛施設が整えられ、さらにその外周に町屋的なものが集まっていたもので、近世城下町の原初的なものとされる。寺院を中心とした防衛都市であるので門前町と区別される。その始まりは越前(えちぜん)(福井県)の吉崎(よしざき)(あわら市)で、初期の寺院は丘陵北端の要害の地(国指定史跡―吉崎御坊(ごぼう)跡)が選ばれ、その麓(ふもと)の低地には「他屋(たや)」という長屋が設けられ、鍛冶(かじ)、大工などの職人の町屋もできていた。寺内町の造営は、寺院の主導によるもの、戦国土豪の城地寄進によるもの、門徒集団によるものなどに分けられる。人文地理的位置は水陸交通の要地にあたっていて物資流通の拠点たりうる可能性のある地区に選ばれているのも特色である。戦国時代には一向一揆(いっこういっき)の拠点となっていたが、その衰微に伴って衰え、近世に入ると信仰中心の門前町に変容した。越中(えっちゅう)(富山県)の井波(いなみ)、城端(じょうはな)、古国府(ふるこう)(高岡市伏木(ふしき))、山城(やましろ)(京都府)の山科(やましな)、摂津(せっつ)(大阪府)の石山(旧大坂城)、枚方(ひらかた)、和泉(いずみ)(大阪府)の貝塚、富田林(とんだばやし)、大和(やまと)(奈良県)の高田などがその好例である。 [浅香幸雄] [参照項目] | | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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