It refers to private banks in contrast to central banks. They are banks that handle deposits that are directly subject to monetary policy, and therefore can also be said to be banks that supply deposit currency. However, in this case, banks are often limited to banks known as national banks, such as ordinary banks and trust banks, and do not include special banks such as the Development Bank of Japan (merged from the Japan Development Bank and the Hokkaido Tohoku Development Finance Public Corporation in October 1999 and incorporated in October 2008) or former mutual banks. When referring to all financial institutions including these, they are called city financial institutions. Note that city banks are sometimes used to mean ordinary banks based in large cities, but in this case the term city banks is more common. This term has not been used recently. [Nori Ishino] [Reference item] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
中央銀行に対して民間の銀行をいう。それは金融政策の直接の対象となる預金を取り扱う銀行であり、したがって預金通貨を供給する銀行ともいえよう。ただしこの場合、銀行というのは、普通銀行や信託銀行など全国銀行とよばれる銀行に限定されることが多く、日本政策投資銀行(1999年10月、日本開発銀行と北海道東北開発公庫が併合。2008年10月、株式会社化)のような特殊銀行やかつての相互銀行は含まない。これらを含めたいっさいの金融機関の場合は市中金融機関とよばれる。なお、市中銀行は大都市に本拠を置く普通銀行という意味に用いられることもあるが、この場合には都市銀行という呼称のほうが一般的である。最近はこの用語は利用されていない。 [石野 典] [参照項目] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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