A land development plan by modifying the natural geographical environment, which was mainly implemented in socialist countries such as the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics and China. The aim was to improve and transform nature, not to plunder it. When this plan was devised in the Soviet Union, the task was to overcome droughts caused by meteorological disasters. Typical examples include the completion of the Volga-Don Canal, the construction of the Kuibyshev artificial lake and the Stalingrad (Volgograd) dam. By incorporating the results of science and technology and exploration, they attempted to use meteorological conditions to reorganize waterways by building canals, develop power sources, green shrublands, and moderate the climate. However, such attempts to conquer nature fundamentally change the original ecosystem, have a large impact on the environment of other countries, and some say it is dangerous to humanity, and there were concerns about the negative impact on the weather and climate in particular. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
主としてソビエト社会主義共和国連邦,中国などの社会主義国で行なわれてきた,自然の地理的環境の改造による国土開発計画。そのねらいは自然を略奪的にではなく改良,改造することであり,この計画がソ連で立案されたときには,気象障害による干魃を克服することが課題となっていた。ボルガ=ドン運河の完成,クイブイシェフ人造湖とスターリングラード (ボルゴグラード)のダムの建設などが典型的なものである。科学技術や探検の成果を取り入れ,気象条件を利用して運河の建設による水路の再編成,電源開発,灌木地の緑地化,気候の緩和などをはかろうとした。しかしこのような自然の征服の試みは,本来の生態系を根底から変化させるものであり,ほかの国々の環境に及ぼす影響も大きく,人類にとって危険であるという意見もあり,特に気象や気候に与える悪影響が懸念された。
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