Liquor store - Sakaya

Japanese: 酒屋 - さかや

A brewer and retailer of alcoholic beverages. Brewers are called honzakaya, and retailers are called ukezakaya. Sake has existed since ancient times, but commercial sake brewing became popular after the Kamakura period. At the end of the 14th century, the Muromachi Shogunate imposed a sake tax on sake brewers in Kyoto and around, which became an important source of revenue for the Shogunate. In 1425, there were 342 sake brewers in Kyoto and around. There were also many sake brewers in cities such as Nara, Kamakura, Hyogo, and Hakata. Sake brewers were wealthy merchants who also engaged in usury, so in the 15th and 16th centuries, they were often targets of peasant uprisings. In the early modern period, the amount of sake brewed increased to supply large markets such as Edo and Osaka, and brewing changed from jars to large barrels, and the labor style also shifted to manufacturing. Famous areas for sake brewing include Nara, Itami, Konoike, Ikeda, and Nada in Settsu. Since the Meiji period, home brewing has been prohibited, and sake brewers have continued to operate as privileged businesses in a manufacturing style. However, in recent years, with the success of synthetic brewing, they have begun to move towards more modern management.

Sakaya Liquor Store

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Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

酒類の醸造，販売業者。醸造業者を本酒屋，小売業者を請 (うけ) 酒屋と呼び分ける。酒は古代からあったが，営業用酒造は鎌倉時代以後盛んとなり，14世紀末室町幕府は京都あたりの酒屋に造酒税を課し，幕府の重要な財源とした。応永 32 (1425) 年京都あたりの酒屋は 342軒あった。また奈良，鎌倉，兵庫，博多などの都市にも酒造業者が多かった。酒屋は富商で，高利貸業を兼業したため，15～16世紀には，しばしば土一揆の攻撃目標とされた。近世には江戸，大坂など大市場へ向け醸造量を増大し，これまでの甕 (かめ) から大樽による醸造に変り，労働形態もマニュファクチュアに推移した。特産地としては，奈良のほか摂津の伊丹，鴻池，池田，灘などが名高い。明治以降，自家用酒造の禁止により，酒造業者は特権業者としてマニュファクチュア的経営を続けたが，近年は合成醸造の成功により，近代的経営に脱皮してきた。