Financial analysis - zaimubunseki (English spelling) financial analysis

Japanese: 財務分析 - ざいむぶんせき(英語表記)financial analysis
Financial analysis - zaimubunseki (English spelling) financial analysis
Also known as financial statement analysis. Analysis that uses accounting figures (financial data) provided by financial statements such as income statements, balance sheets, and profit appropriation statements published by companies to understand the financial situation and business performance of the company, and also to predict the future performance development of the company. Accounting figures here refer to quantitative information mainly expressed in monetary value. Methods of analysis include analyzing a company's financial data over time (period comparison), comparing with the financial data of other companies (mutual comparison), calculating target values ​​and comparing with them, etc. In this case, financial data can be analyzed using real number analysis, which uses the monetary value as it is, or ratio analysis, which calculates the relative value between one data and another data. Ratio analysis can be divided into relationship ratio analysis, trend ratio analysis, and composition ratio analysis. Furthermore, financial analysis can be divided into internal analysis and external analysis depending on the viewpoint from which the analysis is performed. The former is used by managers to collect financial data for the management of the company, analyze it to find and eliminate inefficiencies, and improve business performance, while the latter is used by stakeholders of the company (shareholders, creditors, business partners, supervisory authorities, etc.) to understand the performance and financial status of the company. Financial analysis is usually used for the latter purpose. Note that a similar term to financial analysis is often business analysis, but business analysis is generally understood to include techniques that utilize analysis using business statistics other than financial data, cost accounting data, and other data that can only be obtained by company insiders, and is therefore understood in a broader sense than financial analysis.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:
財務諸表分析ともいう。企業が公表する損益計算書,貸借対照表,利益金処分計算書などの決算書類により与えられる会計数値 (財務データ) を用いて,当該企業の財務状況ならびに経営成績を知り,さらには将来の企業の業績展開の予測をしようとする分析。ここにいう会計数値とは主として貨幣価値で示される計数的情報をさす。分析の方法としては,一企業内の財務データを時系列的に分析する (期間比較) ,他企業の財務データと比較する (相互比較) ,目標値を算出してそれと比較するなどの方法があるが,この場合の財務データは貨幣価値をそのまま用いる実数分析,あるデータと他のデータとの相対値を算出して用いる比率分析とがある。そして比率分析は関係比率分析,趨勢比率分析,構成比率分析などに分けられる。さらに財務分析は分析する立場の違いによって内部分析と外部分析とに分けられ,前者は経営者が企業の経営管理を行うために財務データを集め,これを分析して非能率の場所を発見してこれを除去し,経営成績の向上をはかる手段として用いるのに対して,後者は企業の利害関係者 (株主,債権者,取引先,監督官庁など) がその企業の業績や財政状態を把握する手段として用いる。通常財務分析は後者の目的に用いられることが多い。なお財務分析の類似用語に経営分析という名称がしばしば用いられるが,経営分析は財務データ以外の経営統計資料,原価計算からの資料,その他企業内部者だけが得られる諸資料を駆使して分析する技法をも含むものとするのが一般的で,財務分析より広義に理解される。

出典 ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典について 情報

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