Colombo (English spelling)

Japanese: コロンボ（英語表記）Colombo

The capital of Colombo District, located in the southwest of Sri Lanka, is the administrative center. It was the capital of Sri Lanka from 1948 to 1982. It is the largest city in Sri Lanka. It is located on the southwest coast of the country and has one of the world's largest ports. Its origins date back to the 8th century, when Arab merchants built a port at the mouth of the Kelani River and used it as a trading port for gems and spices. In 1505, the Portuguese were cast ashore, and in 1551 they seized control, built a fort, and used it as a trading base. It then came under Dutch control in 1658 and British control in 1796, and became the base of colonial management. After independence, it rapidly developed as a political, economic, and cultural center. In addition to being home to industries such as textile, rubber, food, oil, and agricultural equipment manufacturing, it exports tea, rubber, and coconuts, and imports food, fertilizer, and machinery. All railways start from Colombo and connect to major cities throughout the country. It is home to Vidyodaya University, Vidyalankara University, and Colombo University, and the City Hall is famous for its beautiful architecture. There are temples of various religions, including Buddhism, Hinduism, and Islam, as well as many Christian churches. Population: 642,163 (2001).

Colombo
Colombo, Matteo Realdo

[Born] 1516? Cremona
Died in 1559. Roman Italian anatomist and surgeon. He is said to have discovered pulmonary circulation (blood circulation from the heart to both lungs) before W. Harvey. He studied under A. Vesalius at the University of Padua. Vesalius loved his talent and made him his assistant, and appointed him as his successor when he resigned in 1543. However, when Vesalius's theories began to threaten classical medicine, he became one of his teacher's fiercest opponents. He later went from Pisa to Rome and became Pope Julius III's personal physician. His book "De re anatomica" (1559) is known as the first book to describe how blood in the heart is pushed out during systole and flows in during diastole.

Colombo
Colombo, Furio

Born 1931 in Châtillon, Italy. Italian novelist and critic. He lived in the United States from 1960 to 1965. After returning to the United States, he made his debut in the literary world with the essay L'America di Kennedy (1964). A member of the neo-avant-garde, he published the novel Le donne matte (64) and the essays In lieu of violence (67) and Le condizioni del conflitto (70).

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

スリランカ南西部，行政府が置かれコロンボ県の県都。 1948～82年はスリランカの首都。スリランカ第1の都市である。同国南西岸に位置し，世界有数の港をもつ。8世紀頃，ケラニ川河口にアラブ商人が港をつくり，宝石や香料の貿易港としたのが起源で，1505年ポルトガル人が漂着，1551年には実権を奪い，砦を築いて貿易基地とした。その後 1658年からオランダ，1796年からイギリスの支配下となり，植民地経営の拠点となった。独立後，政治，経済，文化の中心地として急速に発展。繊維，ゴム，食品，製油，農器具製造などの工業が立地するほか，茶，ゴム，ココナッツなどを輸出し，食糧，肥料，機械などを輸入。鉄道はすべてコロンボを起点として全国の主要都市と結ばれる。ビドゥヨーダヤ大学，ビドゥヤランカラ大学，コロンボ大学があり，市公会堂は美しい建造物として有名。仏教をはじめヒンドゥー教，イスラム教など各種の寺院や多くのキリスト教聖堂がある。人口 64万 2163 (2001) 。

コロンボ
Colombo， Matteo Realdo

[生]1516?　クレモナ
[没]1559. ローマ
イタリアの解剖学者，外科医。 W.ハーベイに先立って肺循環 (心臓から両肺への血液循環) を発見したといわれる。パドバ大学で A.ウェサリウスに学ぶ。ウェサリウスは彼の才能を愛して助手にし，1543年に辞職するとき後任に指名した。しかし，ウェサリウスの学説が古典的な医学を脅かすものになったとき，恩師の激しい敵対者の一人に変った。のちピサからローマに行き，教皇ユリウス3世の侍医となった。著書"De re anatomica" (1559) は，心臓の血液が心筋の収縮期に押出され，拡張期に流入することを記した最初の書物として知られる。

コロンボ
Colombo， Furio

[生]1931. シャティヨン
イタリアの小説家，評論家。 1960～65年アメリカに滞在。帰国後，評論『ケネディのアメリカ』L'America di Kennedy (1964) で文壇に登場した。新前衛派に属し，小説『狂った女たち』 Le donne matte (64) のほか，評論『暴力に代って』 Invece della violenza (67) ，『闘争の条件』 Le condizioni del conflitto (70) など。

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