A person who constitutes a nation and has the nationality of that nation. (1) The conditions for being a Japanese national are determined by law (Article 10 of the Constitution), and the Nationality Act has been enacted to provide specific conditions. By becoming a national of a nation, a person is subject to the governance of that nation, but in a nation that is sovereign of the people, the people as a unified whole are the ultimate authority that determines and supports the way in which the nation is governed. In addition, the people are involved in national affairs through elections and other means. In modern nations, there is a clear tendency to extend the enjoyment of basic human rights not only to nationals but also to foreigners, but there are still various circumstances that do not allow foreigners to be treated exactly the same as nationals. (2) Nationals are fundamentally distinct from ethnic groups. Looking at the nations of the world, there are few nations that are made up of a single ethnic group, and even in a multi-ethnic nation, it is difficult to ensure national unity unless the people of that nation believe that they share a common historical and cultural tradition. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
国家を構成する者のことで,その国の国籍を有する者がそれにあたる。 (1) 日本国民たる要件は法律で定めることになっており (憲法 10条) ,国籍法が制定されて具体的に要件を規定している。人は,ある国の国民になることによって,その国の統治に服するが,国民主権国家にあっては,国民は統一された全体としてその国の統治のあり方を決めかつ支える究極的権威となる。また,国民は選挙その他の方法を通じて国政に関与する。現代国家では,基本的人権の享有を国民のみならず広く外国人にも及ぼそうとする傾向が顕著であるが,それでもなお,外国人を国民とまったく同一に扱うことを許さないさまざまな事情が存在している。 (2) 国民は民族とは基本的に区別される。世界の国家をみると,単一民族から成る国家は少く,多民族であれ,国民となれば,自分たちが1つの共通の歴史的・文化的伝統をもっているのだと信じるようにならなければ,国家としての統合を確保することは,むずかしい。
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