Ganghwa Island - Koukato

Japanese: 江華島 - こうかとう
Ganghwa Island - Koukato

An island at the mouth of the Han River in Gyeonggi Bay, South Korea. It belongs to Incheon Metropolitan City and, together with neighboring islands, forms Ganghwa County. Its area is 293 square kilometers. It was part of Gyeonggi Province until it was incorporated into Incheon Metropolitan City in 1995. The island's center is Ganghwa-eup (town). It was originally connected to the Gimpo Peninsula, but it was separated from the mainland due to long-term subsidence movements throughout geological time and erosion of the Salt River. It is currently connected to Gimpo, across the Salt River, by a bridge. The island is a fortress of natural fortress with hilly mountains overlapping it, and it played an important role as a refuge for the royal capital during times of national warfare. During the Joseon Dynasty, it was one of the four towns of Seoul, serving as a base for the capital's defense against foreign invaders from the sea. Towards the end of the Joseon Dynasty, it was attacked by a French fleet in 1866 and an American fleet in 1871, and in 1875 the Ganghwa Island incident occurred between the two countries and Japan. Although there is little plain, agriculture is thriving, and ginseng cultivation has been particularly active since the Korean War. It is a famous producer of flower-patterned mats, a craft item made by home industries. The area is rich in historical sites and scenic spots, such as Jeondeungsa Temple, founded in the Silla Dynasty, and Manisan Chamseongdan, the sacred site of Dangun.

[Mori Seiu]

[Reference item] | Ganghwa Island Incident

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

韓国(大韓民国)、京畿(けいき/キョンギ)湾の漢江(かんこう/ハンガン)河口にある島。仁川(じんせん/インチョン)広域市に属し、近隣の諸島とともに江華郡をなす。面積293平方キロメートル。1995年に仁川広域市に編入されるまでは京畿道に属していた。島の中心は江華邑(ゆう)(町)。元来、金浦(きんぽ/キムポ)半島と陸続きであったが、地質時代を通じての長い沈降運動や塩河の侵食などにより本土から分離した。現在は塩河を挟んで向かい合う金浦と橋梁(きょうりょう)によって連結されている。本島は丘陵性山地が重畳して天険の要塞(ようさい)をなし、国家の戦乱時には王都の避乱地として大きな役割を担ってきた。また海からの外来侵略者に対する首都防御の拠点として李朝(りちょう)時代はソウルの四鎮(ちん)の一つであった。李朝末期の1866年にフランス艦隊、71年にアメリカ艦隊の攻撃を受け、75年には日本との間に江華島事件が起こった。平野は少ないが農業は盛んで、とくに朝鮮戦争後、チョウセンニンジンの栽培が活発である。家内工業による工芸品の花紋蓆(むしろ)(ござ)の名産地である。新羅(しらぎ)時代に創建された伝燈(でんとう)寺、檀君(だんくん)聖跡の摩尼山塹星壇(まにさんざんせいだん)など古跡・名勝地に富む。

[森 聖雨]

[参照項目] | 江華島事件

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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