Kyoto Oban Yaku (Kyoto Guard Post)

Japanese: 京都大番役 - きょうとおおばんやく

During the Kamakura period, the guards of the gates of the Imperial Palace and the Imperial Palace were one of the Gokenin duties. They were also called the Dairi Daibanyaku and Ouchi Daibanyaku. There were also the Kamakura Daibanyaku and the Sekkanke Daibanyaku, but generally the term Daibanyaku refers to the Kyoto Daibanyaku. In the late Heian period, a system of shift duty by warriors from various provinces had already been in place, and the term Daiban was also used. When Minamoto no Yoritomo entered Kyoto in 1185, the guards of the Imperial Palace and the Imperial Palace came under Yoritomo's control, and from around 1192 they became the duties of Gokenin, eliminating the services of non-Gokenin. At first, the Gokenin who were in Kyoto as Daibanshu were under the control of the Kyoto Shugo, but after the Jōkyū War, the shogunate established the Rokuhara Tandai and strengthened control, and the Daibanshu were put on duty under the control of the Rokuhara Tandai and Shugo. The shogunate's Samurai-dokoro also oversaw the entire daibanyaku system, and was responsible for deciding the order and duration of service, assessments, and handling related lawsuits. Service procedures were based on the kechiban list and instructions were sent to the heads of the shugo and gokenin families. The heads of families would then issue reminders to their gokenin or family members within their provinces and have them come to Kyoto. After completing their service, the shugo would issue a fukanjo (certificate of completion of service), which, along with the reminders, was long used as evidence that the gokenin were still in the position. After the fall of the Kamakura shogunate, the Kenmu New Government also established the dairi daibanyaku system, but after the collapse of the new government, the Muromachi shogunate did not continue this system.
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Source : Heibonsha Encyclopedia About MyPedia Information

Japanese:

鎌倉期の内裏(だいり)・院御所(いんのごしょ)諸門の警固番役で，御家人役の一つ。内裏大番役・大内(おおうち)大番役ともいう。鎌倉大番役・摂関家大番役などもあったが，一般に大番役といえば京都大番役をさす。平安後期にはすでに諸国武士による交替勤番制があり，大番の呼称も用いられていた。1185年源頼朝が京都に入ると，内裏・院御所の警固などは頼朝の管掌するところとなり，1192年ころから御家人の所役とし非御家人の勤仕を排除した。大番衆として在京中の御家人は初め京都守護の統轄下にあったが，承久の乱後幕府は六波羅探題を置き統制を強化，大番衆は六波羅探題・守護の統轄下に分番勤番した。また幕府の侍所は大番役全体を統轄し，結番(けちばん)（勤務の順番，期間などの決定），賦課のほか，関係訴訟の取扱いなどに当たった。勤仕手続きは結番表に基づき守護および御家人の家長あてに指令が出される。それを受け家長は管国内の御家人または一族に催促状を発して上洛させた。勤仕終了後，守護は覆勘(ふっかん)状（勤仕終了証明書）を発行，これは催促状とともに御家人であることの証拠資料として長く重用された。鎌倉幕府滅亡後，建武新政権も内裏大番役の制度を設けたが，新政の崩壊後，室町幕府はこの制度を踏襲しなかった。
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