It generally refers to a theater attached to a court, but in the history of theater, it refers to a theater for court plays that were performed as entertainment at banquets such as weddings of royalty and aristocrats in European courts since the Renaissance. European court plays were started by humanists who aimed to revive Roman classical drama, and the first recorded performance was in 1486 in the courtyard of the Ferrara court by Duke Ercole of the House of Este in Italy. At first it was a temporary facility, but in 1528 a permanent theater was built in Ferrara as well. It soon spread to courts all over Europe, and royalty and aristocrats mobilized famous architects and artists to compete with each other for the most luxurious stage equipment and decorations. Representative examples include the Teatro Farnese in Parma, Italy (1619), Drury Lane Theatre in London (1662), the Comédie-Française in France (1680), and the Vienna Court Theater in Austria (1741, later the Burgtheater). The Weimar Court Theater (1696), where Goethe served as general director, is famous. Court theaters played a major role in improving theatrical culture, but they declined after the 19th century, and many of them were transformed into National Theaters (national theaters), which continue to exist today. [Tsutomu Ohshima] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
広く宮廷に付設された劇場をいうが、演劇史的にはルネサンス期以降、ヨーロッパの各宮廷で王侯貴族の結婚式などの祝宴の余興として演じられた宮廷劇のための劇場をさす。ヨーロッパの宮廷劇は、ローマ古典劇の復活を目ざす人文主義者たちによって始められ、1486年、イタリアのエステ家のエルコーレ公によるフェッラーラの宮廷内の中庭での上演が最初の記録とされる。初めは臨時の施設であったが、1528年には同じくフェッラーラにおいて、恒久的な劇場が建てられた。やがてヨーロッパ各地の宮廷に広がり、王侯貴族は著名な建築家や美術家を動員し、舞台機構、装飾に豪華を競った。イタリアのパルマのファルネーゼ座(1619)、ロンドンのドルリー・レーン劇場(1662)、フランスのコメディ・フランセーズ(1680)、オーストリアのウィーン宮廷劇場(1741。後のブルク劇場)などがその代表的なものである。ゲーテが総監督を務めたワイマール宮廷劇場(1696)は有名である。宮廷劇場は演劇文化向上に多大の役割を果たしたが、19世紀以降は衰退し、その多くは国民劇場(国立劇場)に移行して今日に及んでいる。 [大島 勉] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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