...From the late 17th century, when the Ottoman Empire began to decline, the emigration of Balkan Christians became prominent, and by the beginning of the 19th century, the number of emigrants to Russia in particular had increased, with Odessa becoming the largest colony. From the end of the 18th century, Greek colonies in various places formed societies, and in 1814, N. Skufas (1779-1818, a small merchant), E. Xanthos (1772-1852, a clerk at a trading house), and A. Tsakharov (1788-1851, the son of a wealthy Greek merchant in Moscow) founded a secret society in Odessa with the goal of saving their homeland. Influenced by the Freemasons and the Carbonari, they established a secret initiation ceremony and a strict hierarchy, and after 1818, their organizational network spread from Eastern Europe to cities in Austria and Italy. ... *Some of the terminology that mentions "Xanthos, E." is listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…オスマン帝国が衰退しはじめる17世紀後半からバルカンのキリスト教徒の国外移住が著しく,19世紀初めにはとくにロシアへの移住者がふえ,オデッサがその最大のコロニーになった。18世紀末から各地のギリシア人コロニーに結社がつくられたが,1814年にはオデッサでN.スクファス(1779‐1818,小商人),E.クサントス(1772‐1852,商館の手代),A.ツァカロフ(1788‐1851,モスクワの富裕なギリシア商人のせがれ)が,祖国の救済を目的とする秘密結社を設立した。彼らはフリーメーソンやカルボナリの影響をうけ,秘儀的な入社式や厳格な位階制を設けたが,その組織網は18年以降,東欧からオーストリア,イタリアの諸都市へもひろがった。… ※「クサントス,E.」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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