...Protons, neutrons, and the π mesons exchanged between them are called elementary particles, and were previously thought to be the ultimate particles that could not be divided any further. However, as new elementary particles were discovered one after another and their numbers increased, M. Gell-Mann and G. Zweig proposed the theory that these particles are also composites, and that they are composed of even smaller superelementary particles called quarks (the quark theory). Although quarks themselves have not been found (the reason will be explained later), the results of experiments using accelerators and other methods support this quark theory, and the existence of quarks is now considered certain. ... *Some of the terminology that refers to the "quark theory" is listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…陽子と中性子およびそれらの間に交換されるπ中間子などは素粒子と呼ばれ,従来はこれ以上分割することのできない究極の粒子と考えられてきた。しかし,新しい素粒子が次々と発見されてその数が増えるとともに,M.ゲル・マン,G.ツワイクはこれらの粒子も複合体であり,さらに小さいクォークと呼ばれる超素粒子で構成されているとする説(クォーク説)を提唱した。クォークそのものが見つかったわけではないが(理由は後述),加速器を用いての実験などの結果は,このクォーク説を裏づけており,現在,クォークの存在は確実なものとされている。… ※「クォーク説」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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