Guanine - Guanine (English spelling)

Japanese: グアニン - ぐあにん(英語表記)guanine
Guanine - Guanine (English spelling)

It is a type of heterocyclic compound with a purine ring structure, and is 2-amino-6-hydroxypurine. In living organisms, it exists as a component of important biological substances such as guanosine triphosphate (GTP) and nucleic acids. Its molecular weight is 151.13. It is a colorless solid, and its melting point has not yet been determined because it decomposes when heated. It is insoluble in water and poorly soluble in organic solvents, but is soluble in acids and alkalis.

It was discovered to exist in bird droppings (guano) in 1844, and its composition was determined two years later in 1846. About 40 years later, it was found to be contained as a purine base component in nucleic acids, and was found in the hydrolysates of nucleic acids.

Guanylic acid, known as an umami seasoning, is a nucleotide (a structural unit that makes up nucleic acids) composed of guanine, D-ribose, and phosphate.

[Kenichi Kasai]

[Reference] | Guanylic acid
The structural formula of guanine
©Shogakukan ">

The structural formula of guanine


Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

プリン環構造をもつ複素環式化合物の一種で、2-アミノ-6-ヒドロキシプリンである。生物体内ではグアノシン三リン酸(GTP)や核酸などの重要な生体物質の構成成分として存在している。分子量151.13。無色の固体で、加熱により分解するため融点は未決定である。水に不溶、有機溶媒にも難溶であるが、酸やアルカリにはよく溶ける。

 1844年に鳥の糞(ふん)(グアノ)の中に存在することが発見され、2年後の1846年に組成が決定された。さらに約40年後に核酸のプリン塩基成分として含まれていることがわかり、核酸の加水分解物中にみいだされた。

 なお、うま味調味料として知られるグアニル酸は、グアニン、D-リボース、リン酸の結合したヌクレオチド(核酸を構成する構造的単位)である。

[笠井献一]

[参照項目] | グアニル酸
グアニンの構造式
©Shogakukan">

グアニンの構造式


出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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