...Then, in 1824, it was recognized that what is permitted according to the principle of individual freedom -- the freedom to assemble and refrain from selling one's labor -- could be done collectively (the repeal of the Anti-Organization Act). Furthermore, in 1875, the Conspiracy and Protection of Property Act was enacted, going beyond the civil law principle of individual freedom and providing for criminal immunity for industrial action that does not involve violence or intimidation. After this, industrial action encountered the civil conspiracy theory, which claimed that termination of contracts or refusal to enter into new contracts (termination strikes) that harm others were torts, and was attacked with claims for damages, but civil immunity was established with the enactment of the Labor Disputes Act in 1906. *Some of the terminology used in reference to the "Conspiracy and Property Protection Act" is listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…その後,1824年に個人の自由の原則に従って許されること――自由に集会に参加し,労働の売渡しを差し控えること――は集団的に行っても許されることを認めた(団結禁止法の撤廃)。さらに,1875年には,共謀及び財産保護法を制定して,個人の自由という市民法の原理を超えて,暴力・脅迫などを伴わない争議行為の刑事免責を規定した。この後,争議行為は,他人を害する契約解除,新規契約締結拒否(解約型ストライキ)は不法行為に当たるという民事コンスピラシー理論に遭遇し,損害賠償請求という攻撃を受けるが,1906年労働争議法制定によって民事免責が確立したのである。… ※「共謀及び財産保護法」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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