This refers to a fishing boat that catches whales, also known as a whaling ship. In English, it is also called a "catcher." The size of the boats varies from 400 to 900 tonnes for catcher boats that accompany whaling mother ships and go to distant oceans such as the Antarctic Ocean and the North Pacific Ocean, to 200 to 400 tonnes for catcher boats engaged in whaling in the waters near Japan, and small coastal catcher boats (also called minke boats) to 10 to 30 tonnes. The ship is a stern engine type with a single deck, a high forecastle, and a whaling gun at the bow. A circular rope operating platform is located at the front under the whaling gun, and holds about 80 meters of whaling line (leading line) attached to the harpoon loaded in the gun. When the harpoon hits a whale, the leading line flies away with it. A 5-6 ton winch is installed to extend the whaling line when the harpoon hits a whale, and to reel it in. There are multiple mooring holes on the side of the ship so that captured whales can be secured to the bulwark and towed away. A lookout tower (crow's nest) is installed on the mast on the deck, and a passage (gunner's bridge) is provided between the bridge and the forecastle (bow). Catcher boats are required to navigate even in rough weather to pursue and capture whales, so they are fast, highly resistant to waves, and have high stability and turning ability. Commercial whaling was discontinued in 1988 due to growing international public opinion against whaling, but Japan continues to hunt minke whales and other whales in the Antarctic Ocean and the northwest Pacific Ocean for research purposes. In addition, small cetaceans such as beaked whales and pilot whales are caught in four locations: Taiji (Wakayama), Abashiri (Hokkaido), Ayukawa (Miyagi), and Wada (Chiba). [Hideo Soeda and Kiyoshi Yoshihara] [References] | | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
鯨(げい)類を捕獲する漁船で、いわゆる捕鯨船をさす。英語では、catcherともいう。船の大きさは、捕鯨母船に随航して南極海や北洋海域など遠洋に出漁するキャッチャーボートは400~900トン級、日本近海の捕鯨に従事するキャッチャーボートは200~400トン級、沿岸用の小型キャッチャーボート(ミンク船ともよぶ)は10~30トン級である。 船型は一層甲板の船尾機関型で、船首楼(前橋楼)は高くつくられ、船首部に捕鯨砲を装備している。捕鯨砲の下側前方に円形の綱操台があり、砲に装填(そうてん)された銛(もり)に結着されている捕鯨綱(先綱)が約80メートル格納されており、銛を発射すると先綱も銛とともに飛ぶようになっている。銛が鯨に命中すると捕鯨綱を延長したり、これを巻き寄せるために5~6トン巻のウィンチを搭載する。捕獲した鯨を舷側(げんそく)(ブルワーク)に固定して曳航(えいこう)するため、舷側に曳鯨孔(えいげいこう)(ムーアリングホール)を複数あけてある。甲板上のマストには見張台(クロウスネスト)を設け、船橋と前橋楼(船首部)の間に通路(ガンナーブリッジ)が設けられている。 キャッチャーボートは、荒天時でも航行しクジラを追尾・捕獲する必要上、高速で凌波(りょうは)性に富み、復原力や旋回能力も高い。捕鯨に反対する国際世論の高まりから、1988年(昭和63)で商業捕鯨は中止となったが、日本では調査の目的で南極海と北西太平洋でクロミンククジラなどの捕鯨を行っている。また、太地(たいじ)(和歌山)、網走(あばしり)(北海道)、鮎川(宮城)、和田(千葉)の4か所でツチクジラ、ゴンドウクジラなどの小形鯨類の捕獲が実施されている。 [添田秀男・吉原喜好] [参照項目] | | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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