Rarefied gas tunnel

Japanese: 希薄気体風胴 - きはくきたいふうどう
Rarefied gas tunnel

In supersonic flows, the Schlieren method is used to visualize shock waves and expansion waves generated by models using the refraction of light caused by changes in air density. In addition, there are various types of wind tunnels, such as full-scale wind tunnels (described below), high-pressure wind tunnels, free-flight wind tunnels (for investigating the stability of an airplane (model)) using airflow with freely variable angles, vertical wind tunnels (for investigating spinning characteristics using airflow blown from below to above), flutter tunnels (for investigating flutter characteristics), and rarefied gas tunnels (for investigating aerodynamic characteristics at high altitudes).
[Wind tunnel measurements and similarity law]
An important characteristic of a wind tunnel is that, except for some special cases, a uniform flow with little turbulence is obtained in the measurement section.

*Some of the terminology used to refer to "rarefied gas tunnels" is listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…超音速流では空気密度の変化による光の屈折現象を利用して,模型から発生する衝撃波や膨張波を可視化するシュリーレン法が用いられる。このほか,風胴には後述の実物風胴,高圧風胴をはじめ,角度が自由に変えられる気流によって飛行機(模型)の安定性を調べる自由飛行風胴,下方から上に吹き上げる気流によってきりもみ特性を調べる垂直風胴,フラッター特性を調べるためのフラッター風胴,高々度での空気力学的特性を調べるための希薄気体風胴など使用目的に応じてさまざまのものがある。
[風胴による測定と相似則]
 風胴の特性として重要なことは,一部の特殊なものを除いて,測定部において乱れの少ない一様な流れが得られることである。…

※「希薄気体風胴」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報

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