Official position - Kanto

Japanese: 官当 - かんとう

In the Ritsuryo system, this was a type of substitute punishment to protect those of high rank. It did not apply to the crimes of the Eight Crusades and other violations of the teachings. Kanto appears in the Nihon Shoki, in the section on Empress Jitō, but it is believed that it was in the Taiho Code that it was incorporated into the legal code. According to the Yoro Code, it was a system to erase the penalties of juvenile and exorcism (3rd grade of exorcism is calculated as 4 years' imprisonment) according to rank, and the amount of punishment that one kan corresponds to differs depending on the rank and whether the crime was a public crime (a negligent crime committed while performing official duties) or a private crime. In addition, when determining the punishment, kanto takes precedence over tando, and first the punishment is erased with 1 kan (a rank is counted as 1 kan, just like an official rank, but if there is an official rank or an order of honor, the rank is used for the punishment), and if there is a remainder, it is further erased with the official position (a rank given before the current rank), and only the remainder is erased with tando. Those who received the Kanto were demoted from the first rank after one year. As a similar punishment to the Kanto, the Soni-ryo included a provision for one year in prison for receiving the Docho certificate for Soni.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

律令制において，有位者を保護するための換刑の一種。八虐その他の名教違反の罪には適用されない。官当のことは『日本書紀』，持統天皇の条にみえているが，それが法典上に位置づけられたのは，大宝律令であると思われる。養老律令によれば，位階をもって，徒，流 (流3等は，徒4年と計算する) なる正刑を，消却する制であり，1官がどの程度の刑に相当するかは，位の高下，犯罪が公罪 (公務執行中の過失犯) か，私罪かによって異なる。なお，刑の決定について，官当は贖銅に優先し，まず1官 (勲位は，官位と同様に1官に数えられるが，官位，勲位ある場合には，まず官位をもって官当する) をもって刑を消却し，余りがあれば歴任の官 (現在の位階以前に与えられた位) でさらに消却し，端数のみを贖銅で消却する。官当をこうむった者は1年ののちに，先位1等を降して叙せられる。官当と同系統の換刑として，僧尼令には，僧尼の度牒をもって，徒1年を当てる規定がある。

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