JB Gunn discovered that when a DC electric field is applied to a small GaAs sample and a certain threshold is exceeded, oscillation occurs in the microwave region. This oscillation is a direct effect of the band structure of the semiconductor. In other words, for a material with energy values in k- space as shown in the figure, when the electric field is weak, electrons conduct in the low-energy conduction band 1, but when the electric field becomes high, conduction occurs in the valley of 2. In this case, if the effective mass is m1 * < m2 * , the mobility is μ1 > μ2 , so the effective resistance is high and negative resistance occurs. The oscillation observed by Gunn is due to this negative resistance, and a microwave oscillator that operates on this principle is called a Gunn diode. In order for this oscillation to be observed, it is necessary that μ1 is sufficiently larger than μ2 , and that the energy difference ΔE between 1 and 2 is smaller than the band gap of the semiconductor. Gunn oscillation has been observed in InP, CdTe, and other materials in addition to GaAs, and as an oscillator it has the advantages of being small and lightweight, and requiring a simple power supply, compared to conventional klystrons. Source: Morikita Publishing "Chemical Dictionary (2nd Edition)" Information about the Chemical Dictionary 2nd Edition |
GaAsの小さな試料に直流電界を加えていき,あるしきい値を超えると,マイクロ波領域で発振が起こることをJ.B. Gunnが発見した.この発振動作は,半導体のバンド構造による直接の効果である.つまり,k空間におけるエネルギー値が,図に示したような物質があったとき,電界が弱い場合は,電子はエネルギーの低い1の伝導帯中で伝導しているが,高電界になると,2の谷のほうでの伝導が起こるようになる.この場合に,有効質量が m1* < m2* であると,移動度が μ1 > μ2 であるために,実効的に抵抗が高くなったことになり,負性抵抗が起こる.Gunnの観測した発振はこの負性抵抗によるもので,このような原理で動作するマイクロ波発振素子をガンダイオードという.この発振が観測されるためには,μ1 が μ2 より十分大きいこと,また,1と2のエネルギー差ΔEが,その半導体のバンドギャップより小さいことなどが必要である.ガン発振は,GaAsのほかに,InPやCdTeなどでも観測されており,発振器として従来のクライストロンなどに比べて,小型軽量で,電源が簡単などの利点がある. 出典 森北出版「化学辞典(第2版)」化学辞典 第2版について 情報 |
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