Environmental assessment - environmental assessment, environmental evaluation

Japanese: 環境評価 - かんきょうひょうか（英語表記）environmental assessment,environmental evaluation

A physical and monetary assessment of the various values of the environment and the changes brought about by development and environmental improvement activities from the perspective of human society. An environmental impact assessment system that predicts and evaluates the impact of development activities on the environment in advance and selects actions and policies based on the results. Examples include life cycle assessment, which evaluates the impact on the environment throughout the entire life cycle of a product from the cradle (production) to the grave (waste disposal and recycling), and monetary assessment of environmental value, which evaluates the damage caused by environmental destruction and the benefits of environmental improvement. The purpose is to produce information that is the basis for decision-making and consensus building regarding development and conservation. In Japan, the Environmental Impact Assessment Act was enacted in 1997 and came into effect in June 1999. Well-known examples include the measurement of the social costs of automobiles and the value assessment of Fujimae tidal flats (Minato Ward, Nagoya City). In the United States, there is a view that the environment is a public trust, and natural resource damage assessment has been institutionalized, with guidelines for the assessment method CVM (contingent valuation method) also being created.

(Kazuhiro Ueda, Professor, Kyoto University Graduate School / 2007)

Source : "Chiezo" published by Asahi Shimbun Publications Co., Ltd. About Chiezo

Japanese:

環境の持つ諸価値、及び開発や環境改善行為がもたらすその変化について、人間社会の側から行う実物的・金銭的評価。開発行為が環境に及ぼす影響を事前に予測・評価し、その結果に基づいて行動・政策を選択する環境影響評価制度。製品のゆりかご(生産)から墓場(廃棄物処理やリサイクル)までのライフサイクル全体での、環境に及ぼす影響を評価するライフサイクルアセスメント、環境破壊に伴う損害や、環境改善の便益を評価する環境価値の貨幣的評価などがある。開発や保全に関する意思決定や、合意形成の前提となる情報を生産することが目的。日本では環境影響評価法が1997年に制定、99年6月から施行された。自動車の社会的費用の計測や藤前干潟(名古屋市港区)の価値評価などが知られている。米国には、環境を公共信託とする考え方があり、自然資源損害評価が制度化され、評価手法であるCVM(contingent valuation method)のガイドラインも作成されている。

(植田和弘京都大学大学院教授／ 2007年)

出典　(株)朝日新聞出版発行「知恵蔵」知恵蔵について　情報

<<: Kankyohen - Kankyohen

>>: Environmental destruction