River sponge - Kawakaimen

Japanese: カワカイメン - かわかいめん
River sponge - Kawakaimen

A freshwater animal belonging to the order Monostenospongi, class Vulgaris, and family Polyporaceae. It is a green sponge that lives in rivers, ponds, and marshes, attached to aquatic plants and sticks, and has an indefinite external shape and a fragile body. Its body color is green due to the green algae that live symbiotically inside it. Therefore, sponges that live in the shade do not grow well due to poor growth of green algae, and the color of the sponge becomes gray or brown. Like other freshwater sponges, river sponges produce asexual reproductive buds called endosporangia in winter, but this phenomenon also occurs in other seasons when the habitat becomes poor. The buds are spherical, about 0.5 mm in diameter, and when the environment becomes good in spring or other seasons, the transformed cells come out and grow into sponges. There are more than 30 species of freshwater sponges in Japan, including the marsh sponge Spongilla lacstris , but most of these species are widely distributed worldwide. They are not useful.

[Takaharu Hoshino]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

海綿動物門尋常海綿綱単骨海綿目タンスイカイメン科に属する淡水産動物。川、池、沼の水草や棒切れなどに付着して生息する緑色のカイメンで、外形は不定で体質はもろい。体色が緑色を帯びるのは、体内に共生する緑藻類による。したがって、日陰に生息するものは緑藻類の生育が悪いため、カイメンの色も灰色ないし褐色になる。カワカイメンもほかの淡水海綿と同様に、冬季に体内芽球とよばれる無性生殖芽をつくるが、それ以外の季節でも生息環境が悪くなるとこの現象がおこる。芽球は直径0.5ミリメートル程度の球状を呈し、春季あるいはそれ以外の季節でも環境がよくなると変形細胞が外へ出てカイメンへと成長していく。日本にはヌマカイメンSpongilla lacstrisなども含めて30種余りの淡水海綿が生息するが、それらのほとんどの種は世界的に広く分布している。利用価値はない。

[星野孝治]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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