…Maghreb means "the land where the sun sets" or "the West" in Arabic, and today it is the name for the Arab countries in the west, as opposed to the Arab countries in the east, or Mashriq. It is also called the Maghreb. In the narrow sense, it refers to Northwest Africa, including Tunisia, Algeria, and Morocco, formerly known as French North Africa, but in a broader sense, it also includes Libya. In some cases, it also includes Mauritania and the former Spanish Sahara (Western Sahara) in West Africa, because many of the inhabitants of this region are Arab Muslims, and historically it shares many parts with the Maghreb in the narrow sense. … From Libya… The Libyan coastline was a route for conquering armies since ancient times, and was incorporated into the political systems of each era. In the mid-16th century, the area from Egypt to North Africa became part of the Ottoman Empire. In 1551, Cyrenaica to Tripolitania came under the control of the Ottoman Empire, and in 1578, the territory of Tripoli Bey came under direct Ottoman rule. In 1711, Ottoman rule was transferred to Aḥmad Qaramanri, an indigenous Ottoman soldier who rose to power through piracy in the Mediterranean. Libya was then under the rule of the Qaramanrid dynasty (1711-1835) for over a century. However, the Libyan rule based in Tripoli was essentially limited to the coastal areas. … *Some of the terminology that refers to the "Karamanli dynasty" is listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…マグリブとは,アラビア語で〈日が没する地〉あるいは〈西方〉を意味し,今日では,東方のアラブ諸国,つまりマシュリクに対して西方のアラブ諸国の呼び名である。マグレブとも呼ばれる。狭義には,かつてフランス領北アフリカとも呼ばれたチュニジア,アルジェリア,モロッコを含む北西アフリカを指すが,広義には,これにリビアを含める。場合によっては,さらに西アフリカのモーリタニアと旧スペイン領サハラ(西サハラ)まで含めることもあるが,それは,この地域の住民の多くが,アラブ系のイスラム教徒で,歴史的にも狭義のマグリブと共有する部分が少なくないからである。… 【リビア】より… リビアの沿岸地域は古代以来いわば征服軍の通路にあたり,その時々の政治体制に組みいれられてきたが,16世紀半ばエジプトから北アフリカ一帯がオスマン帝国領となるや,リビアも1551年キレナイカからトリポリタニアが同帝国の支配下に入り,78年,トリポリ・ベイ領としてオスマン帝国の直接支配に服することになった。オスマン帝国支配は1711年,土着化したオスマン軍人で地中海の海賊行為を拠りどころに台頭した,アフマド・カラマンリーAḥmad Qaramanrīの手に移り,リビアは1世紀余りの間カラマンリー朝(1711‐1835)の支配にゆだねられた。しかし,トリポリを拠点とするリビア支配は,実質上,沿岸地域だけに限られた。… ※「カラマンリー朝」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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