Cappadocian Scrolls - Kappadocia

Japanese: カッパドキア文書 - かっぱどきあもんじょ
Cappadocian Scrolls - Kappadocia

…The ruins of a capital city called Kanish in Assyrian and Nesa in Hittite, where an Assyrian commercial colony was established around the 19th to 18th centuries BCE, have unearthed a large number of economic documents written in Assyrian. These documents, collectively known as the Cappadocian documents, show that Assyrian merchants were active in this area in search of copper some time before the establishment of the Hittite Empire. [Kishimoto Michio] …

From the Hittites

...When the Indo-European peoples migrated to Anatolia, Assyrian merchants established settlements (kārum) in various places and traded with the indigenous Proto-Hatti peoples. The center of their base was outside the city of Kültepe (old name Kaniş), and clay tablets excavated from there (the Cappadocian texts) contain Indo-European names. From this, it is believed that the Indo-European peoples had settled in Anatolia by around 1800 B.C.

From the Hittite script:

...Also, because it is a syllabary (vowel + consonant, consonant + vowel, consonant + vowel + consonant), it is not possible to overlap more than two consonants at the beginning or end of a word, or more than three consonants in the middle of a word, so it can be difficult to distinguish between true and false vowels. There is no consensus as to when the Hittites introduced cuneiform writing, but Hittite names have been confirmed in the 18th century BC Cappadocia documents, and it is assumed that it was introduced around this time, between the end of the 19th century BC and the beginning of the 18th century BC. In addition, the Hittites' unique hieroglyphics, which were mainly used on seals and inscriptions from around 1800 BC, continued to be used by the late Hittite principalities that arose in northern Syria and southeastern Anatolia after the fall of the Hittite Empire, and survived until around the 8th century BC. ...

*Some of the terminology used in reference to the "Cappadocian Texts" is listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…アッシリア語でカニシュ,ヒッタイト語でネサと呼ばれた都城の遺跡で,前19~前18世紀ころ,ここにアッシリアの商業植民市が置かれ,アッシリア語で書かれた経済文書が多量に出土している。〈カッパドキア文書〉と総称されるこれらの文書によって,ヒッタイト王国の成立にやや先立つころ,この方面に,銅を求めるアッシリア商人の活動があったことが知られる。【岸本 通夫】。…

【ヒッタイト】より

…インド・ヨーロッパ語系諸族が移動して来た頃のアナトリアは,アッシリア商人が各地に居留区(カールム)を築き,原住民のプロト・ハッティなどと交易を行っていた。その拠点の中心がキュルテペ(古名カニシュ)の城外に置かれ,ここから出土した粘土板文書(〈カッパドキア文書〉)にインド・ヨーロッパ語的人名が認められる。これから推測して,前1800年ころにはインド・ヨーロッパ語系諸族はアナトリアに定着していたものと思われる。…

【ヒッタイト文字】より

…また音節文字(母音+子音,子音+母音,子音+母音+子音)である関係上,語頭・語末に2文字以上,語中に3文字以上の子音を重ねることができないため,真母音と偽母音との見分けがつけにくい場合がある。 ヒッタイト族が楔形文字をいつ導入したかには定説はないものの,前18世紀の〈カッパドキア文書〉にヒッタイト族の人名が確認されており,この時期の前後,前19世紀末から前18世紀初頭には導入されていたと推測される。また,前1800年ころから,おもに印章や碑銘に使用されていたヒッタイト族独特の象形文字は,ヒッタイト王国の滅亡後も北シリア,アナトリア南東部に興った後期ヒッタイトの諸侯国に引き続き用いられ,前8世紀ころまで命脈を保った。…

※「カッパドキア文書」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報

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