A judgment that grants enforcement before a judgment becomes final. In principle, decisions and orders are immediately enforceable, so there is no need to make a declaration of provisional execution, and it is permitted only in the following cases stipulated in the Civil Procedure Law: (1) When the court recognizes the need for a judgment on a property claim. (2) In the case of a judgment on a bill or check lawsuit. (3) When a higher court issues a declaration on a part of a lower court judgment that is not appealed. (4) When a payment order is issued. A declaration of provisional execution is generally made upon application or by the court's own initiative during the final judgment, and may be made unconditionally or on the condition that security is provided. The court may also make a declaration that the other party may be exempt from provisional execution if they provide security. Even if a declaration of provisional execution is issued, the higher court may change only the declaration, and if the judgment on the merits is changed, it will be invalid to that extent. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
判決の確定前に執行力を付与する裁判。決定,命令は即時に執行力を生じるのが原則であるから仮執行の宣言をする必要はなく,民事訴訟法に規定のある次の場合にかぎって許される。 (1) 財産上の請求に関する判決につき裁判所がその必要を認めた場合。 (2) 手形訴訟,小切手訴訟の判決の場合。 (3) 上級審で下級審の判決中,不服申立のない部分についてする場合。 (4) 支払命令に付する場合。仮執行宣言は申し立てにより,または職権で終局判決中にするのが原則であり,無条件でする場合と担保を提供することを条件としてする場合とがある。また裁判所は相手方が担保を提供すれば仮執行を免れることができる旨の宣言をすることもある。仮執行の宣言が付せられても,上級審でその宣言だけを変更することができるし,本案判決を変更したときはその限度で失効する。
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