Papilio bianor

Japanese: カラスアゲハ（英語表記）Papilio bianor

A butterfly in the family Papilionidae of the order Lepidoptera. Forewing length 40-65mm. The upper surface of the wings is black with green scales (yellower in females) scattered all over, and the center of the leading edge of the hindwing is densely populated with blue scales, which form a pattern. The outer edge of the hindwing is lined with red crescent patterns, which are more developed in females. The underside is also black, and there is a grayish-white band on the forewing. The male also has a black velvet-like sex mark on the first and second lobes of the upper surface of the forewing. The spring type is smaller than the summer type, and even the male has a red pattern on the posterior corner of the upper surface of the hindwing. The larvae feed on Japanese knotweed, yellow tangerine, Japanese pepper, and trifoliate orange. Adults usually emerge two to three times a year, but once in cold regions. It is distributed in Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu, the Ryukyu Islands, Taiwan, China, Myanmar, Korea, Ussuri, Sakhalin, etc., but the one found on Okinawa Island and its surrounding islands is called Okinawan black swallowtail P. okinawaensis and is sometimes considered a separate species. The closely related species, Miyama black swallowtail P. maackii , has a forewing length of 45-80mm and looks similar to this species at first glance, but has a pronounced green band on the upper side of the wings and a narrow white band on the underside of the forewing that does not spread upwards. There is also a white band on the underside of the hindwing. The larvae feed on Amur yellow thorns and Japanese pepper. They emerge twice a year. As their name suggests, they are common in mountainous areas, and males gather near water. They are distributed in Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu, Sakhalin, Amur, Korea, China, Taiwan, Myanmar, etc.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

鱗翅目アゲハチョウ科のチョウ。前翅長 40～65mm。翅表は黒色地に緑色鱗 (雌ではより黄色を帯びる) を一面に散布し，後翅前縁中央部には青色鱗が密集してそれが斑紋を表わしている。後翅外縁には赤色弦月紋が並ぶが，これは雌においてよく発達する。裏面も黒色で，前翅に灰白色帯がある。また雄の前翅表第1，2室に黒色ビロード様の性標がある。春型は夏型より小さく，雄でも後翅表後角に赤色紋をもつ。幼虫はコクサギ，キハダ，サンショウ，カラタチなどを食べる。成虫は普通年2～3回，寒冷地では1回発生する。北海道，本州，四国，九州，南西諸島，台湾，中国，ミャンマー，朝鮮，ウスリー，サハリンなどに分布するが，沖縄本島およびその周辺の島々に産するのをオキナワカラスアゲハ P. okinawaensisといい別種とすることもある。近縁種ミヤマカラスアゲハ P. maackiiは前翅長 45～80mm，一見本種に似るが，翅表の緑色帯が顕著で，前翅裏面の白色帯は上方に広がらず一定の幅で狭い。また後翅裏面にも白色帯がある。幼虫はキハダ，カラスザンショウなどを食べる。年2回発生する。その名のように山地に多く，雄は水辺に集る。北海道，本州，四国，九州，サハリン，アムール，朝鮮，中国，台湾，ミャンマーなどに分布する。

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