Karadžić, Radovan

Japanese: カラジッチ(英語表記)Karadžić, Radovan
Karadžić, Radovan
Born June 19, 1945 in Savnik, Yugoslavia. Bosnian politician, physician, and author. Serb leader. Studied medicine at the University of Sarajevo and became a psychiatrist. He also published poetry and children's books. In 1990, he helped found the Serbian Democratic Party, which was established to counter the Croatian parties, and served as its first leader (1990-96). In 1992, he became president of the Bosnian Serb Republic, which unilaterally declared independence, and allied with Serbia and Montenegro in the Yugoslav Federation. With the support of Serbian President Slobodan Milošević and Bosnian Serb military leader Ratko Mladic, he seized parts of Bosnia and launched a military campaign to clear non-Serbs from those areas. In 1995, the International War Crimes Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia (ICTY) convened in The Hague, Netherlands, and indicted them on charges of genocide, murder, rape, and other abuses against civilians. At the end of that same year, they were forced to sign the Dayton Peace Accords. The agreement stipulated that those indicted for war crimes would be barred from taking part in elections scheduled for September 1996, and required them to give up their government and party leadership positions. In 1997, they went into exile, but in July 2008, they were arrested by Serbian authorities near Belgrade, Serbia. Shortly thereafter, they were transferred to The Hague for trial. (→ Bosnian-Herzegovinian War)

Karadzic
Karadzić, Vuk Stefanović

Born: October 26, 1787 in Turšič
Died January 25, 1864. Vienna. Serbian linguist, man of letters, and folklorist. A representative figure of 19th century Serbian and Croatian culture. In Vienna, he met Slovenian Slavologist B. Kopitar, who encouraged him to study Serbian folk songs and language. In 1814 he published a grammar book, and in 1818, his major work, the Serbian Dictionary. He also concluded the long-running discussions on the unification of Serbian and Croatian languages, established the Serbo-Croatian language, and created its orthography. He also collected and published oral literature from the South Slavs, studied the first Serbian national uprising, and studied folklore, which helped to create the foundations of modern Serbian and Croatian literature.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:
[生]1945.6.19. ユーゴスラビア,シャブニク
ボスニア・ヘルツェゴビナの政治家,医師,作家。セルビア人勢力指導者。サラエボ大学で医学を学び,精神科医になった。また詩集や子供向けの本も出版した。1990年,クロアチア系政党に対抗するために設立されたセルビア民主党の創設に携わり,初代党首(1990~96)を務めた。1992年,一方的に独立を宣言したボスニア・セルビア人共和国の大統領となり,ユーゴスラビア連邦のセルビアとモンテネグロと同盟を結んだ。セルビアのスロボダン・ミロシェビッチ大統領とボスニアのセルビア軍指導者ラトコ・ムラディッチの支援を受けてボスニア各地を制圧し,それらの地域から非セルビア民族を一掃する軍事行動に出た。1995年,旧ユーゴスラビア国際戦争犯罪法廷 ICTYがオランダのハーグで開かれ,集団虐殺,殺人,強姦,その他の民間人虐待の罪で起訴された。同 1995年末にはデートン和平合意への署名を余儀なくされた。合意には,戦犯として起訴された者は 1996年9月実施予定の選挙に参加できない旨が明記され,みずからの政府と党首の地位の放棄を求められた。1997年逃亡生活に入ったが,2008年7月,セルビアのベオグラード近郊でセルビア当局により拘束。その後まもなく裁判のためハーグへ身柄を移送された。(→ボスニア・ヘルツェゴビナ紛争)

カラジッチ
Karadžić, Vuk Stefanović

[生]1787.10.26. トゥルシチ
[没]1864.1.25. ウィーン
セルビアの言語学者,文学者,民俗学者。 19世紀セルビアおよびクロアチア文化を代表する人物。ウィーンでスロベニアのスラブ学者 B.コピタルと出会って,セルビアの民謡と言語の研究をすすめられ,1814年には文法書を出版,18年には主著『セルビア語辞典』を出版した。また,セルビア語とクロアチア語の統一をめぐる長期にわたる話合いをまとめて,セルボ=クロアチア語を成立させその正字法をつくった。南スラブの口碑文学の収集,出版や,最初のセルビア民族蜂起の研究,民俗学の研究もあり,これらによりセルビアおよびクロアチアの現代文学の基礎をつくりあげた。

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